Topic 2: Life During The Civil War Flashcards
Life in the Republican zone: what was Madrid like?
- run by Popular Front govt
- frequent bomb raids- caused food shortages
- industries/ factories brought under military control
Life in Republican zone: what was Catalonia like?
- CNT took control- implanted anarchist political revolution
- drastic economic change
- visible signs of previous rulers removed
- churches destroyed and made into hospitals
Life in Republican zone: similarities between Madrid and Catalonia?
- air-raids from Nationalists
- some parts of the industry was collectivised
- felt impact of the food shortages and price inflation
Life in Republican zone: differences between Madrid and Catalonia?
- Catalonia run by anarchists/ Madrid run by central govt
- Madrid’s rule was less radical
- Catalonia’s govt was abolished
By whom and why was the International Brigade set up?
- set up by communist international
- to assist Popular Front govt during Civil War
How many people joined the International Brigade?
35,000
What did the International Brigade do and what was their fault?
- they were poorly equipped and not trained
What were the Republican atrocities?
- 80% of clergy was killed in Barbastro
- 6,000 priests, nuns were killed for supporting republic
- in Catalonia leading industrialist we’re targeted and landowners murdered
What was the political terror in Republican zones?
- Republicans used Red Terror to control
- killed 55,000 people
Who did the Red Terror target?
- falangists
- priests
- landlords
- supporters of CEDA
What were the atrocities in the Nationalists zone?
- removal of political enemies/ threats
- Franco supported the killings of trade unionists, socialists, communists
- after victories Falange executed and oublic humiliated supporters of republic
What people were effected by threats in nationalists zone?
- Franco persecuted bisexual, gay, lesbians
- gay men faced intimidation, imprisonment, execution
- lesbian women faced electroshock therapy
Terror in Nationalists zone: what was Extremadua?
- 1,800 peasants executed so the land was given back to landowners
- their bodies were unburied and placed around field as threat
What happened in Malaga in 1937?
Nationalists killed 4,000 people
What was the Badajoz Massacre?
- August 1936
- shooting
- civilians and military supporters killed
- bodies left in the streets
- use of propaganda for fear
What is martial law?
When military seized control of an area or countryb
What happened in July 1936 in the Nationalists zone?
- rebel army declared martial law on areas under nationalists control
- army had power over people living there
- Franco had all power given back to wealthy landowners
How did the Nationalists restore power?
- October 1936- crucifixes put up in schools
- 1938- gender segregation in schools
- education system different for boys and girls
What was the Republican zone like for women?
- More liberating
- republicans supported women’s efforts
What were the social and political roles in the Republican zone?
- new measure to ensure equality
- marriage gave women same rights as men
- Republican Spain first place where woman had cabinet position
- Federica Montenegrin- feminist- set up abortion clinics
What women’s political group was formed in the Republican zone?
- communist women against racism
- organised women to work as nurses, staff at orphanages and factories
Women in the military in the Republic zone?
- 1,000 women fought as part of socialist militia groups
- POUM militia took sexual equality seriously
- early enthusiasm for women in war was short-lived
- 1936 cabinet passed decree for withdrawal of women on front lines
Women in the workplace in the Republican zone?
- need for labour in factories and war related industries
- women filled positions of men
- women faced conservatism of men and hostility
What role did women have in the Nationalist zone?
- Traditional role in society
- women expected to support political views of conservative Spanish Catholicism
- inferior to men
