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spain revision > Topic 1: Years of Reform 1931-33 > Flashcards

Topic 1: Years of Reform 1931-33 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the main industrial reforms?

A
  • enforcing salary increases
  • legal entitlement to 7 days paid leave
  • working day restricted to 8 hours- unless overtime paid
  • freedom to strike without fear of dismissal
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2
Q

What were the intentions behind the industrial reforms?

A
  • Spain’s industrial development was weak from rural and agrarian infrastructure
  • need to revitalise and invest in Spain’s industry
  • productions and exports of iron and steel suffered due to falling demand in national markets from Depression
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3
Q

What were the consequences of the Industrial reforms?

A
  • Azana’s refroms angered traditional elite
  • failed to satisfy anarchists and communist
  • reform and strikes led to an increase in right-wing supporters
  • lack of employments led to poverty anf therefore strikes and protests
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4
Q

Industrial reforms: when and where were the strikes and protests?

A
  • in Basque in 1931
  • police responded violently
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5
Q

Did the Industrial reforms improve the lives of the poor?

A
  • failed
  • urban poverty ongoing from the Great Depression
  • in Madrid the boom came to an end which led to a rise in unemployment
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6
Q

What were the main agricultural reforms?

A
  • maximum 8 hours working day
  • legal right to overtime pay
  • small tenant farmers could no longer be evicted from their farms
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7
Q

What were the intentions behind the Agricultural reforms?

A
  • socialist hoped the reform would help with rural poverty
  • gvt ministers believed modernising agriculture was a step towards the reform of the whole economy
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8
Q

Who introduced the Agricultural reforms?

A

Largo Caballero
socialist minister of labour

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9
Q

Agricultural reform laws: Law of municipal boundaries

A
  • 1931
  • landowners had to employ workers from local areas- instead of cheaper, migrant workers
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10
Q

Agricultural reform laws: Law of Obligatory Cultivation

A
  • 1931
  • aimed to increase employment by forcing landlords to use their land for growing crops
    -workers now had legal rights
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11
Q

Consequence of the 1931 Agricultural reform?

A

legal position of workers proved unpopular with landowners- many ignored rules put in place

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12
Q

What happened if the Agricultural reforms were ignored?

A
  • agricultural workers could join FNNT
  • FNNT helped workers defend rights
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13
Q

Agricultural reform laws: Agrarian Reform Law

A
  • 1932
  • aimed at adressing problem of rural inequality through redistribution of land
  • law allowed them to keep 23 hectares of land, anything over was redistributes to peasant farmers
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14
Q

Agricultural reform law: why did the Agrarian Reform Law fail?

A
  • acted slowly/ lacked funding
  • had budget of only 50 million pestas
  • gvt had now way of supporting new rights- e.g. 8 hr days
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15
Q

Consequences from Agrarian Reform law?

A
  • criticism from FNNT agricultural union
  • socialists and UGT became radical- wanted new reforms that would lead to genuine redistribution of land
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16
Q

Consequence from Agrarian Reform Law- CEDA?

A
  • led to creation of CEDA
  • claimed reforms would drive down price of wheat- plunge small farms into deeper poverty
17
Q

Main reforms of the army?

A
  • officers requires to take an oath of loyalty to Spanish Republic
  • between 1923-30 officers convicted of crimes were arrested
  • officers allowed to take early retirement with full pay
18
Q

Why were the army reforms made?

A
  • reduce the political impact military had
  • reduce size of military
  • removing conservative from the army and supporters of its old leader
  • cost of army was too expensive
19
Q

What were the consequences of the army reforms?

A
  • support for Second Republic was weakened
  • vast removal of officers did not remove all officers in support of the former ideologies
20
Q

Give and example of why the Second Republic was weakened?

A
  • right-wing newspapers presented the reforms as a campaign to ‘crush the army’
  • this presented the gvt changes as an attempt to ruin the army
21
Q

What were the successes of the Army reforms?

A
  • 40% of officers went into early retirement which removed a lot of right-wing people
  • army’s structure had been reorganised for a more a more sustainable army force
22
Q

What were the reforms of the church?

A
  • Article 3- clarifies Spanish state had no official religion
  • Article 26-ensured the state no longer gave economic aid to church
  • Article 44- gave state right to take away the property of the church
23
Q

Why were the Church reforms made?

A
  • members of provisional gvt believed there needed to be a change in the relationship between the church and the gvt
  • church held too much authority over people
24
Q

What were the consequences of the Church reform?

A
  • catholic-right angered by Article 3- Spain had always been a Catholic country
  • Niceto Alcala-Zamora resigned in 1931 as gvt supported anti-clerical policies
  • right-wing parties came together to plan to reverse anti-clerical policies as they were heading in a radical way
25
Q

What were the successes of the Church reforms?

A
  • separated form the state
  • used money usually given to church to increase teachers wages
  • built 7,000 schools in the first year
  • introduces travelling school- schools went to rural areas
26
Q

What were the Catalonian Self Governance Reforms?

A
  • 1931 plebiscite was held to see if Catalonia should hold self governance
  • this led to the passing of the Catalan Statute
  • Catalonia could form its own parliament and pass its own laws
27
Q

What is a plebiscite?

A
  • a vote for ordinary people
  • everyone can vote
28
Q

What was the Catalan Statute?

A
  • 1932
  • Catalonia permitted to be an autonomous region
29
Q

What was the intention behind the Catalonian reform?

A
  • establishment of more autonomy
  • Azana passed Statute to gain more support from Catalonia- wealthy region
30
Q

What were the consequences of the Catalonian Self Governance reform?

A
  • Spanish Nationalists and army saw it as a threat to the unity of Spain
  • Azana’z gvt would fall so more moderate coalitions would attemot to undo previous reforms
31
Q

When was the attempted military coup?

A

August 1932

32
Q

What was the attempted military coup?

A
  • led by General Sanjuro
  • military uprising from right-wing
  • failed to seize Madrid
33
Q

How did the gvt respond to the attempted military coup?

A

responded with limited force and let the uprising collapse on its own

34
Q

Why was there an attempted military coup?

A
  • right-wing response to Azana’s reforms
  • reforms of the Church granted Catalonia autonomy- angered army
35
Q

When was the Casas Viejas Massacre?

A

January 1933

36
Q

What was the Casas Viejas Massacre?

A
  • peasants in poorest parts of Spain began peaceful protests
  • Civil Guard opened fire on unarmed protesters and burned down their huts
  • gave bad look for the gvt
37
Q

Why did the Casas Viejas Massacre happen?

A
  • wave of protests and strikes by left against Azana’s gvt
  • problems of povrty in countryside
  • farm labourers had not been paid and gvt were not enforcing landlords to pay
38
Q

Consequences of the Casas Viejas Massacre?

A
  • gvt brutally repressed
  • left lost faith in Azana’s gvt
  • led to collapse of gvt in 1933
  • loss of votes for PSOE in 1933 elections

spain revision (17 decks)

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