Topic 2: Exercise/Mental Health

Question 1

4 additional research studies (bpms)

Answer 1

Boecker
Peacock
Mcnair
Steinberg

Question 2

Steinberg endorphin hypothesis

Answer 2

Suggests vigorous/sustained exercise produces beta endorphin, which acts as a pain killer in response to stress

Question 3

Endorphins

Answer 3

.Type of neurotransmitter that transmits info between nerve cells in the brain (leads to euphoria)
.Similar effects to opiate morphine
.Released in b.stream by pituitary gland

Question 4

Boecker: support for endorphin hypothesis aim

Answer 4

To investigate a neurochemical explanation behind the feeling of euphoria

Question 5

Boecker sample

Answer 5

10 male athletes
German
Mean age 36.9

Question 6

Boecker results

Answer 6

Only those with 4hr + weekly running, said to have experienced runners high

Question 7

Boecker method

Answer 7

P's given 2 PET scans:
.one resting (over 2hrs with no exercise)
.one 30mins after a 2hr run
mood also measured using VAMS
counterbalancing used

Question 8

McNair: POMS

Answer 8

measures 6 subscales of moods and total mood disturbance

Question 9

Mcnair: POMS, procedure

Answer 9

.assistant explains protocol to athlete
.read each statement and rate it
.no time limit

Question 10

Peacock et al aim

Answer 10

to measure beneficial effects of green exercise on mood

Question 11

Peacock method

Answer 11

POMS test taken before and after exercise
P’s walked for 1hr outdoors, then 1 week later, 1hr indoors
indoor: Lakeside shopping centre
outdoor: Belhus country park
P’s also questioned about why they thought outdoor walking was so effective

Question 12

Peacock sample + method

Answer 12

20 p’s, local MIND group
7m vs 13f
aged 31-70
repeated measures

Question 13

Peacock results, outdoor

Answer 13

significant reduction in anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and tension after outdoor
increased feelings of vigour and self esteem
change in total mood disturbance: 21.9

Question 14

Peacock results, indoor

Answer 14

slightly reduced anger/depression
increased tension/confusion
change in total mood disturbance: 0.5

Question 15

Peacock qualitative results

Answer 15

‘makes you feel good in the fresh air’
‘looking at water makes you feel relaxed’
‘visiting different places’

Question 16

Lewis aims

Answer 16

to examine effects of dance on the mood of elderly (specifically those with Parkinson’s)

to test long term and short term effects (12 week cycle vs 1 session)

Question 17

Lewis sample

Answer 17

37 aged 50-85
22 had mild-moderate Parkinsons
15 were control group

Question 18

Lewis IV

Answer 18

Parkinsons vs control

Question 19

Lewis DV

Answer 19

mood ratings:
POMS for long term
BRUMS for short term

Question 20

Lewis procedure

Answer 20

P’s completed POMs test and demographics questionnaire for the past month
completed 1 weekly dance session for 10 weeks
2 identical session run (2 different groups)
50 minute lessons
dance style changed weekly
9th week, completed BRUMS test before/after session
few days after 10th session, completed POMS test

Question 21

Lewis results

Answer 21

.PD differed in base TMD scores vs control group didnt
.everyone showed sig reduction in mood disturbance over long term
.PD did not rate depression higher, unlike previous studies
.reduction in TMD shown in short term

Question 22

Lewis conclusions

Answer 22

dance steps/timing provide mental challenges

dance is sociable form of exercise and can help improve mood in elderly