Sport Topic 4: Personality Flashcards
Freud theory
.personality made up of 3 parts - id, ego, superego
.these unconscious drives, drive all behaviour
Freud theory explained
.Id and superego in conflict, so role of ego to find balance (satisfy real world desires of Id without breaking moral rules of superego)
.If desires of Id aren’t satisfied, it causes build up of aggressive energy, which can lead to violence (thanatos)
.Freud said sport can be used to release aggression through displacement
displacement/sublimation
aggressive energy redirected from true target to an alternative
Eysneck
trait theory of personality
Eysneck theory explained
introverts vs extroverts
stable vs neurotic
psychoticism
introverts vs extroverts
introverts have more activity in Reticular Activating System, so need less stimulation from environment
stable vs neurotic
stable - remain calm in stressful situations
neurotic - higher levels of anxiety
psychoticism
.linked to levels of testosterone/aggression
.high levels of psychoticism linked to being more competitive/taking part in higher risk sports
Cattell
16 personality factors
Cattell’s criticism of Eysneck
too simple - doesnt account for the situation
Cattell’s 16pf explained
.based on Allport’s 4500 personality word list
.wanted things like mood/motivation to affect results (situational)
.refined over years - 5th edition
Cattell’s 16pf procedure
.self report, individually
.185 Qs on attitudes/daily behaviour/preferences
.30 mins to complete on computer
Cattell personality examples
.warmth: reserved/cool - easy going/warm
.sensitivity: tough minded - tender minded
.tension: relaxed - restless
what did Aidman 2007 research
personality factors that predict long term success in sport
Aidman research (detailed)
.examined personality profiles of 32 elite junior Australian Football League players, using Cattell’s 16pf
.compared athletes to a control group of the same age
Aidman qualitative results
.elite athletes found to be more: sociable, enthusiastic, group orientated
.and less: driven, trusting
Aidman ‘quantitative’ results
.follow up research 7 years later found: 13/32 made it to senior AFL 19/32 made it to lower leagues/dropped out .those that made it found to be more: group orientated/conscientious .less: tension
Kroll and Crenshaw sample
387 male athletes
4 sports: wrestling, gymnastics, karate, a.footballer
Kroll and Crenshaw procedure
.all filled in 16pf questionnaire
.also used a 15 q lie detector test to ensure validity
.compared 4 sports using: univariate analysis and multivariate analysis
multivariate analysis
.comparing all 4 sports at once
.sees which factors accounted for biggest difference between groups
univariate analysis
comparing each sport against each other sport in pairs
looks at differences between 16 personality traits
american football results
football - wrestling: no difference
football - gymnastics: emotional stability/self reliance
football - karate: rule consciousness/self reliance
wrestling results
wrestling - gymnastics: self reliance/openness to change
wrestling - karate: self reliance/tension
wrestling - football: no difference
gymnastics results
gymnastics - football: emotional stability/self reliance
gymnastics - wrestling: self reliance/openness to change
gymnastics - karate: tension/rule consciousness
karate results
karate - football: rule consciousness/self reliance
karate - wrestling: self reliance/tension
karate - gymnastics: tension/rule consciousness
Croll and Krenshaw conclusions
different personality profiles are related to participation at a high level in different sports
multivariate results
football and wrestling similar personality profiles
football/wrestlers differ significantly to gym/karate
gym and karate also differ
