topic 2 Flashcards
examples of biomimetrics
vehicle design-planes wings-reduce drage
architecture
adhesion-geko feet
medicines examples biomemitrics
aspirin-willow trees-synthetoically produced now
physiological research
biomietrics
hippos sweat -natural sunscreen-help treats burns
marsupiasls popuch-research issuues with development of issues
pest controls examples biological controls
ladybirds+ground beetles-aphids
cwr characteristics(4)
disease resistance-sugar cane mosaic virus resistant
higher yield-
improved taste- pineapples since 1990s selecytive breeding
salt tolerance-sea kale
what is a vavilov centre
issues+importance
high conc. of close relatives of important crop species
deforestation
gene pool issues
suseptible to same disease
ecosystem services
Atmospherics compostion -d.equ-photosyn
Pollination-insect pollination better than wind pollination-wind velocity reduced in forests
Interspecies relationships
Seed dispersal
direct exploitation threats to biodiversity
food
fashion
pets/entertainment
furniture
medicines
change in abiotic factors caused by humans
water availability-wetland drainage
dissolved oxygen
temperature-r.o.t
pH
water turbidity
physical damage-ghost fishing
biotic factor changes
pollinatirs -less reproduction of plants
food chain impactcs
introduced speciesissues + example
predators
competitors-cane toad
pathogens
hydridisation
loss of species
human causes of habitat destruction examples
deforestatino
mineral extration
reservoirs
conservation regulator-organisationbig one
IUCN-coordinate global diversity -deploy natur based solutions
red list
extinct
extinxt in the wild
critcally endangered
endagered
vulnerable
how iucn categorises select species for catergorisation
habitats under particular threat
endemic species
keystone species-Africain forest elephant
flagship species
edge species-pygmy hippo
legal legislations
wildlife and countryside act 1981
SSSI, NNR, Ramsar sites
CITES-appendix 1-no trade
IWC-aboriginal subsistence+quotas+japan
CFP-catch quootas+net mesh size
ITTO-sustainable timber
difficultoiies of ex situ
habitat size
food requirementplankton fish
species interelationships-plants mymccorhizal root fungi
cost
inhibtion of successful breeding
seasonal
breeding habitat-mirror flamingos
gene pool
hybridisation
increasing breeding success
cryopreservation
artificial insemintation
embryo transfer-bongo common eland -hormones stimulate ovulation
micro-propogation
cloning
successful releases programmes
reliable food source
low predation risk
local human pop. support
how do soft releases help increase likelihood of survival
recognise food and poison
hunting skills
avoid predators
accepted into wild social groups
habitat conservation approaches
land ownership-ngo-rspb
deignated protected areas-sssi nnr spa
voluntary agri-environemntal schemes-
famers gain subsidies -keep beetle banks
low input on grassland-protects wildflowers
seed banks -
stored in dry cold conditions-maintains biodiversity-10,000 per species-millenial seed bank
habitat creation
unintentional - old quarry floods
intentional habitat s-understanding of abiotic and biotic factors
things you have to think about for designing a habitat design not in a zoo
habitat area
biological corridors-linking isolated areas
habitat diversity-greater range of niches easier for animals to colonise
water depth
light levels
provisioin of abiotic factors in habitats
water
dissolved oxygen
temperature
light levels
pH-denatures proteins
salinity opossum shrimp need high slat
control of biotic factors
food
control of predation-scilly isles rat readictation
control of competitors -removal of rhodededron bush to increase wildflower populations
contorl of pathogens -density dependent -reomve weakest to reduce chance of break out of disease
rewilding-yellowstone1926
control of ecological succession
grazing-prevents establishment of taller plants
mowing
burning
coppicing
pollarding
broadleaf woodland
features
threat
managemnet
no extremes-water all year
fertile soils
high biodiveristy
threat
clearance+fragmentation
copppicing+planting mixed species
dpa
tropical rainforest
stable-warm regular rainfall
rapid decay-shallow DOM
threats-
timber harvetsing
alternative ladn use -reservoirs+mineral extraction
conservation -
debt for nature swaps-usa+Brazil-21 million
tropical coral reefs
symbiotic alage-zooxanthellae inside polyps-absorb light provides glucose +oxygen
coral gives it c02
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
temperature-25-29 degrees -bright sunlight
low turbidity
IMPORTACE -fisheries medicinal discovery sponge in Caribbean-AZT- HIV
climate control + tourism
threats
physical damage, sedimentation, coral bleaching introduced species, fishing
conservation- fishing quotas,tourism controls
sustainable exploitation
reef creation
deep water coral
dont have algae-slower gtrwoth rate
threats- deep water trawling killed sea bed creatures-exlpoitaation of oil and gas
easy to exploit fish slo wgroeeth rate
ocean acidifaction
SAC
oceanic islands
features isolation of biodiversity
endemic+edge species
lack of predators
importance medicines
threats
introduced species habiuta destruction-sea elvels
exploitation of species
conservation
culling of animals
mangroves
halophytic trees live near intertidal range-good in stormy weather
importance
large biodiverse
coastal erosion-reduce wave energy on vulnerable-coral reefs-less sedimentation coastline
fisheries
medicine
threats aquaculture +urban ports
conservation
designated protected areas 2015
antartica
pristine low temp high marine nutrients-surface water bought up from seabed,seasonal variation
importamce
70% freshwater+high surafce albedo
krill -large mineral deposits
isolated
threats-global cc
ozone depletion-plankton harmed
tourism +overfishing+future mineral extraction
conservation
antartic treaty
control of tourism
waste managemnt
no mineral extraction +military testing
