toopic 11 Flashcards
importance of temp-crops agriculture + control
growing season-frost period
evapotrasnspiration rates
shelter+meshing like tarp
light
importance+control
longer days-<milk
mating season-shorter days for sheep
artificial lighting
importance of water
metabolite
preciptation of water -unpredictable
issues with water+control
dissolved substances-may affect growth
waterlogged soil-fungal disease
less heavy machinery =less soil compaction
adding DOM increases water retntion of soil
water shortage
livestock-increase compaction of land ned to walk further for food-increase desertification
soil fertility
2 types of nutrients
types of fertiliser
macronutrients + micro nutrients
organic-slower release of nutrients-control-nontoxic
inorganic-faster-control-toxic
2 application of fertiliser
cultural and mechanised-
natural-weathering
spray by humans
alternative crop growths-hydropnics
hydroponics-
less plant energy wastred in roots more used in fruit+less pathogen
very intensive-high nutrients+energy
cause of compaction
solution
heavy machinery
death of worms by fertiliser
adding of DOM-no tillage
ploughing
ph issue
increases nutrient solubility
increase-limestone
decrease-powdered sulfur
topography
aspect
frost pockets
relief of the land-run off
machinery msay not be usuable
cultural pest crontrols
predator habitats-hedgerows
sterile matnig technique
-radiation exposure
pheromone trap -attracts pests-specific
genetic resistance
chemical pest controls features
toxic-higher toxicity lower amount needed
specifity - taxa range
persistence
solubility-meningitus-bioaccumulation
how chemical pesticides applied
contact action - damages plant tissue
systematic action- absorbed by roots -eaten by humans cant be waashed
antibiotics
killsbacteria-high density populations-risk increase resistance
whatdo hormone pesticides do
starts metamorphisi earlier-high specifity
why are integrated controls used
combines techniques more effective-
predator habitats + crop rotation
sexual reproduction breeding techniques
selective breeding-cheviot sheep
gm-bt crops-natural toxin against insects
embryo transfer
manipulation of food species-population control
monocultures-easier to cultivate-disease can spread easily
control of genetics-asexual plants+animals advantages and disadavbtage
geneticlaly identical -characteristics predicatbale
no genetic variation-characteristics arent improved
control of geentics animals-asexual reproduction advantages
if valuable aniamls die they can be easily replaced
herds can be culled if disease breaks out
energy subsidies examples-
pumping of irrigation water
transport of food for consumers
nitrate fertiliser production
envinronemntal impacts of farming+control
drainage -death of wetland species
bio-control species-may eat indiginnous species
pollution in agricyulture
pesticides-non target species
nitrate toxicity-leachate
change in hydrological cycle
soil compaction-s.r.
irrigationi of water can deplete water systems
social factors affecting agriculture
religious factors-mus;im mo pork
ethical issues-
free range+food miles
fair trade
t6echnology agriculture
pesticides fertiliser
survey technology-spread of disease+soiol water conetn
reducing food surpluses
quotas
alternative crops-biofuels
agri enviro scheme
