Topic 16 pt 2 -humans Flashcards
State 2 functions of the testes
“They produce hormones
They produce sperm”
State 2 functions of the penis
“Used as the male sex organ
Used as an excretory organ”
State 2 functions of the male urethra
“It allows urine to exit the body from the bladder
It is used during ejaculation to release semen”
State the function of the scrotum
It holds and protects the testes
State the function of the sperm duct
It carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
State the function of the prostate gland
It produces prostate fluid which combines with sperm cells to make semen
State 2 functions of the ovaries
“They produce eggs
They produce hormones”
State 2 functions of the vagina
“To receive the penis during intercourse
It is used as the birth canal during childbirth”
State the function of the oviduct
To create a passage between the ovary and the uterus for the egg to travel down
Compare sperm and egg cells in terms of size
Sperm cells are significantly smaller than egg cells
Compare sperm and egg cells in terms of structure and shape
Sperm cells are long and thin with a head and tail whereas egg cells are large and in the shape of a sphere or ovoid
Compare sperm and egg cells in terms of their ability to move
“Sperm cells have large energy stores and a long tail to help them to move quickly
Egg cells do not have this and so are relatively non-motile”
Compare sperm and egg cells in terms of the number of each cell
There are many more sperm cells than egg cells (up to 100 million sperm per millilitre of ejaculate)
Explain 3 adaptive features of sperm cells
“Lots of mitochondria in the middle section provide energy for movement
Enzymes in the acrosome break down the outer membrane of the egg
Long whip-like flagellum used for movement”
Explain the 2 adaptive features of egg cells
“Large energy stores allow for lots of cell divisions and growth
Jelly-like coat ensures that only one sperm can fertilise the egg as it changes after fertilisation”
