Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology Topic 9 > Flashcards

Biology Topic 9 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

A series of blood vessels with a pump and valves to prevent backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of circulatory system do fish have?

A

Single circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe a single circulatory system

A

The blood only passes through the heart once for each full circuit of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of circulatory system do mammals have?

A

Double circulatory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a double circulatory system

A

The blood passes through the heart twice per circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the advantage of a double circulatory system?

A

Double circulatory systems can maintain a higher blood pressure which increases the speed at which the blood flows so nutrients can be delivered and waste can be removed more quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the top chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the bottom two chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from the rest of the body

A

Vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from the lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which valve prevents baackflow from the ventricle to the atrium?

A

Atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which valve prevents back flow from the arteries to the ventricles?

A

Semi-lunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart?

A

The septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of muscle is the heart made of?

A

Cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

A

The left ventricle has to pump blood a further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?
“

A

The ventricles need to pump blood at a higher pressure to pump it out and round the body and to the lungs whereas the atria only need to pump the blood into the ventricles (a shorter distance) so do not need to generate as high of a pressure

19
Q

What is the difference in function between veins, arteries and capillaries?

A

“Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood towards (into) the heart
Capillaries flow close to tissues for exchange”

20
Q

Why is the septum important?

A

It separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood

21
Q

Describe the blood flow through the right side of the heart

A

“Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the vena cava
This blood passes through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
The blood is then pumped out of the heart to the lungs through the right SL valve and into the pulmonary artery”

22
Q

Describe the blood flow through the left side of the heart

A

“Blood enters into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein
The blood is then pumped through the left AV valve into the left ventricle
The blood is then pumped out through the left SL valve and into the aorta”

23
Q

Give 3 ways of measuring the activity of the heart

A

ECG, Pulse rate, Listening to the sounds of the valves

24
Q

State the effect of physical exercise on heart rate

A

Physical exercise increases heart rate

25
Q

Explain the effect of physical exercise on heart rate

A

“Muscular contraction requires energy from respiration
More respiration requires more oxygen and more carbon dioxide
Heart pumps faster to provide more oxygen to the muscles for respiration and to remove the carbon dioxide quickly”

26
Q

What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A

When the artery providing the heart tissue with blood (the coronary artery) becomes blocked

27
Q

Give 6 common risk factors for coronary heart disease

A

Smoking, Poor diet, Lack of exercise, Stress, Genetic predisposition, Gender

28
Q

How can coronary heart disease be prevented by altering lifestyle choices?

A

“Exercise regularly
Control diet: Eat less saturated fats, Eat more fruit and vegetables, Eat less salty foods, Stop smoking/drinking”

29
Q

Describe the structure of arteries

A

They have thick walls made of muscle and elastic tissue and a small lumen to transport blood under high pressure

30
Q

Describe the structure of capillaries

A

They have thin walls about one cell thick to allow for the easy exchange of substances at the tissues.

31
Q

Describe the structure of veins

A

Veins have less muscle and elastic tissue than arteries and they have a larger lumen as the blood is at lower pressure, they also have valves to prevent backflow

32
Q

Name the main artery that takes blood to the kidneys

A

The renal artery

33
Q

Name the main vein that takes blood away from the kidneys

A

Renal vein

34
Q

Name 4 components of the blood

A

Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets, Plasma

35
Q

Name 2 types of white blood cell

A

Phagocyte, Lymphocyte

36
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They are used in forming blood clots

37
Q

What is the purpose of blood clotting?

A

“Preventing excess blood loss
Preventing the entry of pathogens through wounds”

38
Q

Describe the process of blood clotting

A

Fibrogen converted to fibrin (insoluble fibres)
Fibrin tangle together to form mesh to trap platelets + blood cells
Blood clot formed

39
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transporting oxygen to tissues using haemoglobin

40
Q

State 2 functions of white blood cells

A

“Producing specific antibodies
Phagocytosis (engulfing pathogens) “

41
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Transporting substances like ions, soluble nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide in the blood

42
Q

Describe the transfer of nutrients at capillaries

A

Transporting substances like ions, soluble nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide in the blood

43
Q

Name of main blood vessel to liver

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein

44
Q

Name of main blood vessel from liver

A

Hepatic vein

Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions