Topic 13-2

Question 1

the gamete frequency (frequency of specific alleles across the whole population of gametes) is equal to:

Answer 1

the allelic frequency of the population

Question 2

what are the four implications of Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?

Answer 2

1) population in HW equilib are NOT evolving
2) reproduction in itself does not drive evolution
3) in a population in HW equilib, the genotypic frequencies determine allelic frequencies
4) if a population is discovered to not be in HW equilib, then this is a clue that one of the assumptions has been violated

Question 3

what are the two categories of non-random mating?

Answer 3

1) positive assortative mating: like individuals prefer each other
2) negative assortative mating: unlike individuals prefer each other

Question 4

preferential mating between organisms who are related (a form of +ve assortative mating)

Answer 4

inbreeding

Question 5

prefferential mating b/w unrelated individuals

Answer 5

outcrossing

Question 6

inbreeding leads to:

Answer 6

an increase in the proportion of homozygotes and a decrease in heterozygotes

Question 7

what are the four major forces that can change allelic frequencies?

Answer 7

1) mutation
2) migration
3) genetic drift
4) natural selection

Question 8

all genetic variation ultimately arises from:

Answer 8

mutation

Question 9

at some point, based on the balance b/w p and q, the forward are reverse mutations will:

Answer 9

reach an equilibrium

Question 10

occurs when there is an influx of genes from outside populations

Answer 10

migration (aka gene flow)

Question 11

in nature populations can be very small, this can lead to deviations in allelic frequencies (gametes might not be 50:50) in a process called:

Answer 11

genetic drift

Question 12

differential reproduction of certain phenotypes; occurs when individuals w/ adaptive traits produce a greater number of progeny than others without these traits

Answer 12

natural selection