Topic 9-1 Flashcards
passing on of traits from parent to offspring
heredity
who was the founder of the principles of heredity?
Gregor Mendel
why are pea plants good model organisms?
- relatively fast generation time
- many offspring
- many strains exist with diverse characteristics
an attribute/feature possessed by an organism
characteristic
the appearance of manifestation of a characteristic
trait (phenotype)
to mate two organisms to produce progeny (denoted by an “X”)
cross
pea plants are hermaphroditic, meaning:
they have both male and female sex organs
true or false: pea plants can self fertilize
true! polled released from the anther enters teh stigma and fertilizes the egg
when performing a cross in plants, why do anthers have to be removed from one of the plants before they become fully developed?
this avoids self-fertilization and makes the plant the female in the cross
all progeny have the same trait for multiple generations (Mendel =2)
pure breeding
a cross between parents that differ in only a single trait
monohybrid cross
monohybrid crosses reveal traits are encoded by _____ and ______
alleles, trait dominance
Mendel counted the number of progeny per phenotype and found a _____ ratio of dominant to recessive phenotype
3:1
Mendel deduced that two alleles of individual plants separate with _____ into the gametes
equal probability
what is the principle of segregation?
during gamete formation, two alleles ‘segregate’ with equal probability. when two gametes join, the resulting diploid organism possesses two alleles for a characteristic.
