Topic 13 Flashcards
State the function of the immune system
Protects the body from infectious disease. Involved in tissue repair and protection against potential pathogens
Discuss the relationship between exercise and susceptibility to infection
Lower leucocyte numbers cause by the stress of the exercise
white blood cells are used for tissue repair and less to destroy pathogens
DOMS causes inflammation and concentrates white blood cells there missing from the rest of the body
Intense, deeper breathing causes more pathogens (airborn bacteria) to enter the body
Increased levels of cortisol whichsupress the immune system
J curve shows relationship between exercise intensity and susceptability to disease
Immune system must wtihstand infection even during severe physiological and psychological stress
Describe strategies for minimizing risk from infection among athletes
Recovery time (ratio of exercise and rest to allow the body to recover)
avoid close contect to people with infections
Maintain oral hygiene
Showering after exercise (toxins come out in sweat)
Hydration (flush out pathogens through urine and kidneys serve as filters)
Ensure water is pathogen-free
Avoid hand to mouth contact
Maintain a suitable and varied diet so the body can get the nutrients it needs
Ensure sufficient sleep to help with recovery and restoring energy
Outline the mechanisms the body uses in response to damage or an infectious agent
Innate:
Physical
Skin - Serves as a barrier against pathogens
Epithelial linnings - barrier for organs and blood vessels
Mucosal secretions - capture pathogens before entering the body and take them out sneezing
Leucocytes: white blood cells which fight disease distroying them inside their cell
Adaptive
Inflammation - removes injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process
Clooting - prevents the body from bleeding out
Lymphocytes and antibody production
B cells produce antibody molecules that can latch on and destroy viruses or bacteria
T cells produce cytokines which help activate other parts of the imune system
Describe the effects of intense and long-term training on the immune system
Decrease in innate and adaptive immune function
- Increased levels of cortiso and adrenaline
- Low levels of leukocytes
- Increased tissue damage and inflammation
