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Sports Science > topic 1 > Flashcards

topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, ribs, sternum, Cervical V 7, Thoracic V 12, Lumbar V 5, Sacral 5 , Coccyx 4

What the rest of the body is attached to

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2
Q

Function of axial skeleton

A

Protect bones, Store minerals, Attatchment

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head

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4
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

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5
Q

Proximal

A

(Reffers only to limbs) Closer to the attatchment of limbs

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6
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the attatchment of limbs

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7
Q

Posterior

A

Back of the body

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

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10
Q

Epiphysis (structure of a long bone)

A

form joints with adjacent bones

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11
Q

spongy bone (structure of a long bone)

A

Lessen weight of bone, provide strength

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12
Q

Articular cartilage (structure of a long bone)

A

Smooth, lubrificant surface for articulation, hematopoiesis

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13
Q

Diaphysis (structure of a long bone)

A

Support the skeleton, muscular attatchment, support the transmittion of loads with low friction coeficient

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14
Q

Compact bone (structure of a long bone)

A

Provide strength and protection to bones

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15
Q

Yellow bone marrow (structure of a long bone)

A

Production of stem cells that produce: fat, cartillage and bone

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16
Q

Red blood marrow (structure of a long bone)

A

Creates red boold cells, platelets and white blood cells

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17
Q

Medullary cavity (structure of a long bone)

A

Contains yellow marrow

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18
Q

Blood vessel (structure of a long bone)

A

Carries nutrients into and out of the bone

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19
Q

Periosteum Structure of a long bone)

A

Protects bone

20
Q

Types of bones

A

Long, flat, irregular, short

21
Q

Joint

A

Where two or more bones articulate

22
Q

Gliding Joing

A

Wrists, spine, ankle: up, down, left, right, diagonal

23
Q

Ball and socket

A

shoulder, hip: Medial and lateral rotation

24
Q

Pivot joint

A

Wrists, Cervical, ankle: Up, down, left, right, diagonal

25
Q

Hinge joint

A

elbow: one axis, extends or bends (no rotation)

26
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Wrists, elbows: flexion, extension

27
Q

Saddle joint

A

Thumb, Thorax, heel, ear: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

28
Q

Synovial joints

A

Lots of movement

29
Q

Fibrons

A

No movement (cranium, coccyx

30
Q

Cartilagenons joints

A

little movement (between lumbar V

31
Q

Connective tissue (cartilage)

A

Buffer and absorb shock

31
Q

Connective tissue (Ligaments)

A

Connect bones to bones

31
Q

Connective tissue (Tendons)

A

Connect muscles with bones

32
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Contracts without voluntary action, walls of internal organs, in the veins pushes back blood, not striated

33
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Stiated muscle, walls of the heart, involuntary

34
Q

skeletal muscle

A

All over the body, movement through concious , striated

35
Q

Insertion

A

Attatchment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

35
Q

Origin

A

Attatchment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

36
Q

Articular cartilage (long bone)

A

Smooth surface for low friction articulation

37
Q

Synovial membrane

A

reduces friction through lubrification

38
Q

Bursae

A

Cushion between ligaments

38
Q

Meniscus

A

Reduces friction

39
Q

Ligament

A

connects bone to bone, gives joint stability

40
Q

Articular capsule

A

Supports joints

41
Q

Articular cartilage synovial joint)

A

Provides a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and facilitates the trasmission of loads with low friction coefficient

42
Q

Diaphysis

A

structure support of the skeleton, attatchment of muscles and facilitate transmitssion of loads with low friction coefficient

43
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle (ilium, ischium and pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

facilitates movement of the body

44
Q

Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue

A

contractility: ability of muscle cells to forcibly shorten

Extensibility: ability of muscle to be stretched

Elasticity: ability to return to its original state after being stretched

excitability: ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli

Atrophy: diminish in diameter

Hypertrophy: grow in diameter

Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries

Sports Science (8 decks)

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