topic 1 Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Skull, ribs, sternum, Cervical V 7, Thoracic V 12, Lumbar V 5, Sacral 5 (fused), Coccyx 4 (fused)
What the rest of the body is attached to
Function of axial skeleton
Protect bones, Store minerals, Attatchment, support and movement
Inferior
Away from the head
Superior
Towards the head
Proximal
(Reffers only to limbs) Closer to the attatchment of limbs
Distal
Further away from the attatchment of limbs
Posterior
Back of the body
Medial
Towards the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Anterior
Front of the body
Types of bones
Long (Femur Humerous), flat (ribs and cranium), irregular ( vertebrae), short (carpals, tarsals)
Joint
Where two or more bones articulate
Gliding Joing
Wrists, spine, ankle: up, down, left, right, diagonal
Ball and socket
shoulder, hip: Medial and lateral rotation
Pivot joint
Wrists, Cervical, ankle: Up, down, left, right, diagonal
Hinge joint
elbow: one axis, extends or bends (no rotation)
Condyloid joint
Wrists, elbows: flexion, extension
Saddle joint
Thumb, Thorax, heel, ear: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Synovial joints
Lots of movement
Fibrons
No movement (cranium, coccyx
Cartilagenons joints
little movement (between lumbar V
Connective tissue (cartilage)
Buffer and absorb shock
Connective tissue (Ligaments)
Connect bones to bones
Connective tissue (Tendons)
Connect muscles with bones
Smooth muscle
Contracts without voluntary action, walls of internal organs, in the veins pushes back blood, not striated
Cardiac muscle
Stiated muscle, walls of the heart, involuntary
skeletal muscle
All over the body, voluntary, striated
Insertion
Attatchment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
Origin
Attatchment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
Synovial membrane
reduces friction through lubrification
Bursae
Cushion between ligaments
Meniscus
Reduces friction
Ligament
connects bone to bone, gives joint stability
Articular capsule
Supports joints
Articular cartilage
Provides a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and facilitates the trasmission of loads with low friction coefficient
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle (ilium, ischium and pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
facilitates movement of the body, Store minerals, Attatchment, support
Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
contractility: ability of muscle cells to forcibly shorten
Extensibility: ability of muscle to be stretched
Elasticity: ability to return to its original state after being stretched
excitability: ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli
Atrophy: diminish in diameter
Hypertrophy: grow in diameter
Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries
Draw and annotate Long bone
Epiphysis
Spongy bone
Diaphysis
articular cartilage
compact bone
bone marrow
marrow cavity
blood vessel
periosteum
Annotate the skeletal muscle
Epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
muscle fibre
myofibril
sarcomere
actin
myosin
Synovial fluid
lubrification and nutrition
Wack a bone and poke a muscle study
