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Intro to Eco > Topic 12 -Life Histories > Flashcards

Topic 12 -Life Histories Flashcards

1
Q

Allocation decisions, decide where to devote energy

A

Will affect an individual’s fitness by influencing growth, reproduction and survival

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2
Q

Organisms need to develop allocation strategies over evolutionary time to

A

Adapt to abiotic and biotic conditions in their environment

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3
Q

Trade off

A

Increased allocation of time/energy to some activities results in a decreased allocation to other activities

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4
Q

Life history trade off

A

Growth and survival v.s. Reproduction

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5
Q

Reproductive effort

A

The proportion of available resources that an individual allocates reproduction throughout its lifespan

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6
Q

Future reproductive output

A

Survival + fecundity

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7
Q

Fecundity

A

Number of offspring produced per event

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8
Q

Life time reproductive success

A

The number of offspring produced throughout the lifespan of an individual

Similar to fitness but does not involve the offspring surviving to reproductive age

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9
Q

Life history strategy

A

Set of choices and decisions resulting in an individuals allocation to reproductive effort through its life span

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10
Q

Investing in current reproduction

A

Reduce ability to grow, lower probability of survival

May produce fewer offspring in the future

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11
Q

Investing in current growth/survival

A

Faster growth, higher probability of survival

Larger size, more resources available for future reproduction

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12
Q

Life history traits (7)

A 
Body size/growth 
Age at sexual maturity 
# of reproductive events
# of offspring
Offspring size 
Amount of parental care 
Senescence, programmed death
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13
Q

General pattern for body size/growth

A

Fecundity increases with body size

Larger individuals have more resources to devote to offspring

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14
Q

General pattern for maturity

A

Age of maturity increases as adult lifespan or annual survival rate increase

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15
Q

Long lifespan (high annual survival rate)

A

current fecundity should not jeopardize future growth, survival and reproduction

favour growth in 1st few years to increase fecundity

favour reproduction over lifespan (breed older)

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16
Q

Short lifespan (low annual survival rate)

A

current fecundity at the expense of adult survival

do not favour growth -may die before breeding

favour current reproduction (breed younger)

17
Q

general pattern for parity

A

semelparity occurs more for organisms living under viable environmental conditions

18
Q

semelparity

A

reproduce once and die

19
Q

iteroparity

A

reproduce repeatedly throughout lifespan

20
Q

semelparity occurs when

A

adult survival is low ex mayflies

adult survival is high but long intervals between years when conditions suitable for high offspring survival, organisms will store resources and reproduce when conditions are favourable ex agaves

21
Q

Fecundity general pattern

A

As more offspring are produced -the survival of each offspring decrease

22
Q

the more offspring produced means

A

fewer resources devoted to those offspring

23
Q

Oviparous

A

eggs provided with yolk hatch externally

24
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

eggs provided with yolk hatch internally

25
Q

viviparous

A

nutrition provided directly by mother, live birth

26
Q

if resources are abundant

A 
Low competition among individuals in population 
Population growth ("intrinsic rate of increase," r) is at its maximum
27
Q

reproduction»>growth/survival

A

r-selected

large reproduction allocation but invest little in survival

28
Q

if resources are limited

A

high competition between individuals of a population

population growth is low -population is at a “carrying capacity,” k.

29
Q

growth/survival»>reproduction

A

k-selected

large allocation to survival but little in reproduction

30
Q

Body size for r and k

A

r -small

k -large

31
Q

age of maturity for r and k

A

r -early

k -late

32
Q

number of reproductive events for r and k

A

r -semelparous

k-iteroparous

33
Q

size of offspring for r and k

A

r -small

k -large

34
Q

number of offspring for r and k

A

r -many

k -few

35
Q

parental care for r and k

A

r -low

k -high

Intro to Eco (31 decks)

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