Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2040 final exam > Topic 12 > Flashcards

Topic 12 Flashcards

The digestive system

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the alimentary canal

A

Also known as the GI tract, it is a one way tube from the mouth to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the alimentary canal consist of

A

The pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs

A

The gallbladder, liver, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the accessory digestive organs do

A

They work in mechanical and chemical breakdown, and also release things like bile and enzymes to aid in digestion once food is in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal

A

Serosa
Muscularis (externa)
Submucosa
Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Serosa

A

The serosa is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal, made up of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Muscularis

A

The muscularis is the second layer in the alimentary canal made up of 2 sets of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Submucosa

A

The submucosa is the third layer in the alimentary canal that contains blood vessels and nerve tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Mucosa

A

The mucosa is the epithelial layer, which is constantly bathed in mucus secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion is the physical process that does not change the chemical composition of food, it just makes it smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Chemical digestion is the digestive secretions that breaks down food molecules into chemical building blocks (smaller units)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the stomach

A

The stomach physically breaks down food by mechanically churning and carries out some chemical breakdown of food, it is also a temporary and expandable storage site for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
The body
Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cardia

A

The cardia is where the esophagus connects to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the fundus

A

The fundus is the dome-shaped storage site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the body

A

The body is the main part of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pylorus

A

The pylorus is funnel-shaped and connects the stomach to the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called

A

The folds in the stomach are called rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How large can the stomach expand

A

The stomach can expand to contain up to 1.5L of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gives the stomach the ability to expand

A

The folds in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are gastric pits

A

Gastric pits are the glands that feed into the stomach and release gastric juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of gastric juice

A

Gastric juice can break down food and kill invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What protects the stomach from gastric juice

A

A layer of mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long does food stay in the stomach

A

Food stays in the stomach for 2 to 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to food once it leaves the stomach

A

When food leaves the stomach it is a soupy mixture known as chyme, that passes through the pyloric sphincter to the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the small intestine

A

The small intestine is the portion of the digestive tract that runs between the stomach and large intestine, it winds through about 6m of our bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

28
Q

What is the duodenum

A

The duodenum receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the pancreas and liver

29
Q

What is the jejunum

A

The jejunum is the region where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs

30
Q

What is the Ileum

A

The ileum is where absorption continues and ends in the sphincter that controls flow to the large intestine

31
Q

What is lactose intolerance

A

Lactose intolerance is when the cells of the small intestine do not produce enough of the enzyme lactase that digests the milk sugar lactose

32
Q

What is the large intestine

A

The large intestine is the part of the digestive tract that begins at the small intestine and ends at the anus

33
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

The large intestine holds and compacts what is left of food

34
Q

What are the 4 regions of the large intestine

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anus/anal canal

35
Q

What is the cecum

A

The cecum receives material from the small intestine where the appendix attaches

36
Q

What is the colon

A

The colon is the largest region of the large intestine, it reabsorbs water and vitamins

37
Q

What is the rectum

A

The rectum is expandable and a storage site for feces

38
Q

What is the anus/anal canal

A

The area that opens to the exterior of the body

39
Q

What is the pancreas

A

The pancreas is a small organ behind the stomach that feeds into the small intestine

40
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

The function of the pancreas is to produce insulin and secrete digestive enzymes and chemical buffers that help raise the pH of the chyme

41
Q

What is the gallbladder

A

The gallbladder is a muscular sac that is lodged into the liver

42
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder

A

The gallbladder stores and concentrates the digestive material bile

43
Q

What is bile

A

Bile is a substance produced by the liver that facilitates the digestion of fats

44
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

The function of the liver is for metabolism and blood storage, blood vessels from all parts of the digestive tract that carry nutrients are funnelled into the liver and it controls which nutrients get sent out to the body and which get stored

45
Q

What is metabolism

A

Metabolism is the sum total of all the chemical reactions involved in the body that undergo catabolism and anabolism

46
Q

What are catabolic reactions

A

Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller ones which release energy

47
Q

What are anabolic reactions

A

Anabolic reactions build up smaller organic molecules into larger ones which require energy

48
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrates are long chain sugars known as polysaccharides or disaccharides that get broken down into simple sugars known as monosaccharides

49
Q

Describe saturated fatty acids

A

Saturated fatty acid are the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, there are no double bonds and molecules pack closely together to form a solid

50
Q

Describe unsaturated fatty acids

A

Unsaturated fatty acids are one or more double bonds, they are liquids at room temp because they cannot pack closely enough together because of the kinks in some of the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains

51
Q

What are phospholipids

A

Phospholipids are similar to fats, they comprise the cells outermost layer

52
Q

What are steroids

A

Steroids are hydrophobic and insoluble in water causing them to be grouped with lipids

53
Q

What is the most common steroid

A

The most common steroid is cholesterol

54
Q

What are proteins

A

Proteins are made up of different amino acids held together by peptide bonds, they have a 3D structure and serve many functions within the body

55
Q

How many amino acids can adults synthesize

A

Adult humans can synthesize some of the 20 amino acids needed to make proteins, we must get 8 of them that are known as the essential amino acids

56
Q

What are the 8 essential amino acids

A

Threonine
Lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Valine
tryptophan

57
Q

What are vitamins

A

Vitamins are small organic nutrients that are needed by our bodies, but not only in tiny amounts and often act as an enzyme to speed up processes

58
Q

What are the 2 main classes of vitamins

A

Water-soluble vitamins and Fat-soluble vitamins

59
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

A

Dissolve readily in water and excreted in urine so they do not accumulate in tissue so they must be obtained from food on a regular basis

60
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

not excreted readily and can accumulate in body fat, causing overdoses

61
Q

What are the 9 water soluble vitamins we need

A

Vitamin C and 8 different types of B vitamins

62
Q

What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins we need

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

63
Q

What are minerals

A

Minerals are certain inorganic chemicals that have critical biological functions that are not made in the body but must come from our diet

64
Q

What are some examples of these macromolecules

A

Sodium
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Chlorine
Potassium
Sulfur
Zinc

65
Q

What is gastric bypass surgery

A

Gastric bypass surgery helps lose weight by changing how the stomach and small intestine handle food

Bio 2040 final exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions