topic 11 Flashcards
what are the 2 types of cells in humans?
somatic cells and gametes
what are somatic cells?
- 2 sets of of 23 chromosomes (46 chromosomes)
- diploid cells (2n)
what are gametes?
- one set of chromosomes (23 total)
- haploid cells (n)
what is a karyotype?
an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
role of meiosis in sexual reproduction
meiosis produces gametes (sperm + egg) that then undergo fertilization to produce a zygote, that undergoes mitosis to form somatic cells
the 2 chromosomes in each pair are called
homologous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes carry the same _____ but not the same ______
genes, alleles of those genes
locus
the location of a particular gene on a chromosome
an individual has _____ at each gene locus
two alleles
after DNA replication, each replicated chromosome consists of
2 identical sister chromatids
gonads
sex organs (testes and ovaries)
in animal sexual life cycles, gametes are
- the only haploid cells
- the only cell type produced by meiosis
- undergo no further cell division before fertilization
difference between animals and other organisms in sexual life cycles?
in animals: only diploid cells can divide by mitosis
in other organisms: both haploid and diploid cells can divide by mitosis
in ALL organisms, only _____ cells can undergo meiosis
diploid
meiosis is preceded by
the replication of chromosomes
(DNA replication during S phase)