Topic 10.1 - Fundamentals to organic chemistry Flashcards
Aromatic
Unsaturated, ring structure with two types of covalent bonds (ie single and double)
Aliphatic
Straight chain structures
Crude oils
alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons (mostly)
Condensed structural formula
Most atoms and bonds are shown but some are shortened (ie methyl groups shown as CH₃)
2,3-dimethylbutane (H₃CCHCH₃CHCH₃CH₃)
Full structural formula
All atoms and bonds shown
Skeletal formula
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Natural compounds
Found and produced in organisms
Synthetic compounds
Formed by using natural and man-made reactants
Functional group naming
Start counting carbons from left to right or the opposite way depending on the way to get the shortest functional group number. Bigger groups are prioritized. Numbers separated by commas, numbers and letters separated by hyphens.
ie pentan-2-ol instead of pentan-3-ol / 2,2-dichloropentane instead of 3,3-dichloropentane. 3-ethyl-2-methylhexane instead of 2-methyl-3-ethylhexane (or others)
Primary compound
Carbon connected to only one carbon (-C-H)
Secondary compound
Carbon connected to two carbons (-C-C-C-)
Tertiary compound
Carbon connected to three carbons C
(C-C-C-)
Biofuel
Substances whose energy is derived from carbon fixation in plants.
Primary, secondary, tertiary amine
-NH₂, -NCH₃H, -NC₂H₆
Catenation
Identical atoms joining together (ie carbons)