Topic 1 - Variation: Extreme environments

Question 1

Describe the conditions found around hydrothermal vents in the seabed.

Answer 1

There’s virtually no light, which means that plants can’t grow. As a result, food is scarce. The vents send out hot water (so temperatures are high) and minerals. There’s also high pressure.

Question 2

How are organisms adapted to living around hydrothermal vents in the seabed?

Answer 2

Some bacteria can make their own food using chemical energy from the chemicals given out by the vents. The bacteria are adapted to cope with high temperatures and pressures.

Question 3

How are the arctic animals adapted to reduce heat loss?

Answer 3

Arctic animals are compact and round in shape, which reduces their surface area and so reduces heat loss. Having a thick fur coat and lots of blubber helps them to keep their heat in too.