Topic 1: Neurons Flashcards
Definition of a Neuron
an individual nerve cell that receives and transmits signals to different parts of the body.
- it is the building block of the NS
What are the 3 types of Neurons?
- Sensory
- Motor
- Interneurons
Role of sensory neuron?
carry sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS.
Role of motor neuron?
carry motor information from the CNS to the muscles (used to move).
Role of interneurons?
- only found in the CNS
- carries information between the sensory and motor neurons
Role of Dendrites
- receive information from other neurons and transmit it to the soma
Role of Soma
also called the cell body, contains the nucleus, and helps in processing information. Provides energy to drive activities
Role of Axon
thin like tube extension that transmits information from the Soma to the Axon terminal
Axon terminal
Found at the end of axons, this small structure stores and secrets neurotransmitters
Role of Myelin Sheath
a white fatty substance that coats the axon, this insulates the axon, allowing messages to pass faster along the axon
What is the synaptic gap
the space between two neurons
What are neurotransmitters
chemicals that neurons use to communicate with each other.
Process of synaptic transmission
When neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and they travel through the synaptic gap and connect with the dendrite of another neuron
What is electrochemical messaging?
When a neuron passes a message to another neuron
Inside the neuron = electrical (impulse)
Outside the neuron = chemical form (neurotransmitters)
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
promotes the generation of an electrical signal. The message continues to be passed along to the next cell.
