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Nature VS Nurture > Topic 3: DNA > Flashcards

Topic 3: DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA?

A

a molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

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2
Q

Where is DNA in a cell?

A

The nucleus

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3
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

What structure is DNA?

A

a double helix

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5
Q

Definition of chromosomes

A

a tiny, threadlike structure found in the nucleus that carry genetic information in the form of genes

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6
Q

Definition of genes

A

a segment of DNA that
codes for a specific protein

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7
Q

Connection between DNA, chromosomes, and genes.

A

DNA makes up the chromosomes, and the chromosomes contain genes that
determine the traits of an organism

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8
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. it is composed of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

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9
Q

What pairs with adenine? (DNA)

A

Thymine

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10
Q

What pairs with Thymine

A

Adenine

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11
Q

What pairs with cytosine?

A

Guanine

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12
Q

What pairs with Guanine?

A

Cytosine

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13
Q

What pairs with adenine (mRNA)

A

Uracil

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14
Q

List the 2 vital properties of DNA:

A
  1. they make copies of itself. If 2 strands unwind, each strand can be used to make a new DNA molecule
  2. they carry information (the order of bases code for making a protein)
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15
Q

Definition of RNA:

A

a ribonucleic acid, that is present in all living cells. Its main role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

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16
Q

List the differences between RNA and DNA

A
  1. DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded
  2. DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, RNA has a ribose sugar.
  3. DNA uses Thymine (A), RNA uses Uracil (A)
  4. DNA is read by polymerase, RNA is read by ribosomes
17
Q

Similarities between DNA and RNA

A
  • Uses Guanine, Cytosine, and Adenine
  • Has a sugar-phosphate backbone.
18
Q

What are the bases held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

Nature VS Nurture (11 decks)

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