topic 1 ( midterm 2) Flashcards
behavior modification
field of psych concerned with analyzing and modifying behavior. (increase and decrease in a particular behavior)
measurable dimensions of behavior
frequency, duration, intensity, latency
frequency
how many times a behavior occurs
duration
how long a behavior continues to occur
intensity
how strongly a behavior occurs
latency
how long a behavior occurs
characteristics of behavior
behavior has measurable terms, behavior can be observed and recorded, behavior impacts the environment (physical or social), behavior is lawful, behavior can be both overt and covert
target behavior
behavior you want to change
behavioral excess
undesirable behavior you want to decrease
behavioral deficit
desirable behavior you want to increase
experimental analysis of behavior
aka behavioral analysis. the scientific study of behavior.
applied behavior analysis
the scientific study of behavior to help change that behavior
law of effect
if a response is followed by a satisfying event, the S-R connection is strengthened. If a response is followed by an unsatisfying event, the S-R connection is weakened
behavior assessment
measure the target behavior of a given situation. Useful before, during, and after implementation of a treatment
indirect assessment
measuring target behaviors with interviews, questionnaires, and/or rating scales after the fact. requires individuals to recall behavior
direct assessment
target behavior is measured as it occurs. observer can be person engaging in the behavior , someone else, or a recording device.
self monitoring.
client is trained to observe their own target behavior
operational definition
description that specifies exactly how a term will be measured
characteristics of a good operational definition
must be precise and quantifiable, objective and unambiguous, practical and useful, should not reference internal states
independent observer
someone besides the person exhibiting the target behavior
remote monitoring
recording device
structured observation period
involve arranging for specific events or situation to occur
unstructured observation period
simply observe behavior as it occurs with out intervention
continuous recording
document every instance of the target behavior during the observation period
sample recording
aka discontinuous recording. document some of the occurrences of the target behavior
interval recording
record whether the target behavior occurs within certain time intervals
partial interval recording
document if target behavior occurred during any part of the interval
whole interval recording
document if the target behavior occurs during the entire interval
frequency within interval recording
document frequency of the target behavior with in consecutive intervals of time in observation period
time sample recording
divide observation period into intervals of time but only observe the behavior during part of each interval. (periods of observation separated by times of no observation)
product recording
aka permanent product recording. record tangible outcomes/products that result from the occurrence of the behavior. Not a direct observation of the behavior itself
natural settings
places in which the target behaviors normally occur. more representative sample of observation period
artificial settings/ analogue
places that are not a part of normal daily routines. more controlled environment
reactivity
when a person’s behavior changes as a result of that behavior being observed
interobserver agreement (IOA)
is the behavior being recorded consistently . i.e., 2+ observers record the same data
A-B design
one baseline and one treatment phase.
A-B-A-B reversal design
A-B design but then remove treatment and go back to baseline. Implement treatment again.
multiple baseline designs
multiple baseline subjects, behaviors, or settings
multiple baseline subjects
2+ subjects with the same target behavior. treatment is staggered over time across subjects
multiple baseline behaviors
2+ behaviors of the same subject. Treatment is staggered across behaviors
multiple baseline settings
2+ settings with same target behavior and same subject. treatment staggered across settings.
alternating treatment designs
baseline/ treatment implemented on alternating days or sessions, for the same amount of time
changing criterion designs
target behavior is gradually modified by progressively changing the criteria for reinforcement
functional assessment
goal is to determine why a problem behavior occurs or why a desired behavior does not occur.
steps of functional assessment
- identify target behaviors
- initiate data collection
- complete functional assessment
- develop and implement functional treatment
- evaluate effectiveness and implementation fidelity
antecedents
stimuli that alter the current probability of a behavior
consequence
strengthen or weaken a behavior and how likely it is to occur in the future.
exploratory functional analysis
test a range of possible functions. No clear hypothesis about functions, test condition for each function, 1 control condition for all functions, identifies functions and rules out other functions
hypothesis testing functional analysis
test hypothesis from descriptive assessment. Have a clear hypothesis from indirect and direct assessment, test and control conditions for 1 function, identifies function, does not rule out other functions.
