topic 1 inhalation anesthetics

Question 1

halothane

Answer 1

adv:

1. non irritating to repiratory airways+ bronchodialator.
2. uterus relaxant.
3. muscle relaxant.
4. non flammable.
5. Medium induction and recovery.

dis:

1. bradycardia (atropine indication).
2. sensitizes catecholamies to heart.
3. dose dependent reduction in BP and CO.
4. Malignant hyperthermia.
5. Hepatotoxic.

Char:
S. 2.3.
MAC 0.75.
POTENT anesthetic but poor analgesic.

Question 2

enflurane

Answer 2

adv:

1. non irritating to repiratory airways+ bronchodialator.
2. faster induction and recovery.

dis:

1. nephrotoxic with its fluoride metabolite.
2. malignant hyperthermia.
3. epileptic seizure.
4. Repiratory and cardiovascular depression.

general:
S. 1.8 and
MC 1.7

Question 3

isoflurane

used in maintenance only

Answer 3

adv.
1. no nephro or hepato toxicities.
2. no cardiac effects whatsoever.

Dis:

1. Dose dependent reduction in BP.
2. Irritant to respiratory reflexes due to its pungent odor.

Question 4

desflurane

used in maintenance only

Answer 4

adv.
1. no nephro or hepato toxicities. //
2. preferred in obese.
3. extremely fast induction and recovery.

dis:

1. Dose dependent reduction in BP.
2. Irritant to respiratory.
3. expensive

S 0.42.
MAC 6-7

Question 5

sevoflurane

Used for induction and maintenance.

Answer 5

adv:

1. most used inhaled anesthetic.
2. Fast induction and recovery.
3. Preferred in children.
4. Used for induction and maintenance.
5. NO liver toxicity.

dis:
possible nephrotoxicity.

S= 0.69

Question 6

Nitric oxide

Answer 6

adv.
1. non flammable.
2. Powerful analgesic but poor anesthetic (high MAC)
3. induction and recovery are fast.
4. Safe.
5. Non-irritating the lungs

Dis:

1. Weak general anesthetic.
2. Poor muscle relaxation.
3. diffusional hypoxia.
4. Staff can get macrocytic anemia with long term exposure.

Mainly in dentistry.

Question 7

Mechanism of all drugs

Answer 7

GABA-A agonist (Chloride influx).