muscurinic receptor blocking drugs

Question 1

peripheral and central affects of atropine

Answer 1

Mydriasis (wide pupils)
Loss of accomodation
Dry mouth
Bronchodilation
Tachycardia
Decreased gastric acid secretion
Constipation
Dysuria
Dry skin (atropine fever in small kids)

Antiemetic effect (for motion sickness)
restlessness
extrapyramidal symptoms (dyskinesia)
raging
hallucinations
epileptiform convulsions
coma, death
Cognitive impairment

Question 2

Clinical use of parasympatholytics

Answer 2

 to dilate the pupils
 bronchial asthma (ipratropium spray)
 bradycardia, 1st grade AV-blocks
 pre- or intraoperative medication (antagonizing the vagostimulant
effects of certain anesthetics)
 to antagonize the parasympathomimetic effects of cholineterase
inhibitors in the case of reversing the effect of curare type skeletal
muscle relaxants
 peptic ulcer (pirenzepine)
 incontinence
 diarrhea (with an opioid)
 abdominal cramps (with painkillers and smooth muscle relaxants)
 Parkinson’s syndrome (centrally acting)
 organophosphate poisoning

Question 3

atropine

Answer 3

tert amine, enters CNS, non selective muscurinic
competitive antagnoist.
pharamacological effects: reduced secretions, mydriasis and cycloplegia,hyperthermia and tachycardia, sedation, urinary retention and constipation and excitation and hallucinations.
half life- 2 hours, duration of action- 4-8 hours~.
USed for: antispasms, ophthalmology, antisecretory, OD of ache inhibitors, antidiarrheal.

Question 4

other classes of drugs with antimuscurinic pharmacology

Answer 4

antihistamine, TCA, antiphycotics, quinidine, amantadine, merperidine.

Question 5

tropicamide

Answer 5

opthamology, topical

Question 6

ipratropium and tiotropium

Answer 6

used for COPD and asthma,

Inhalation and does not enter the CNS or change in mucous viscosity

Question 7

scopolamine

Answer 7

used for motion sickness (enters CNS), side affects include short term memory loss and sedation.
Used as a transdermal patch

Question 8

benztropine and trihexyphenidyl

Answer 8

used for antiphycotics sideaffects and parkinson.

Other parkinson drugs include: levodopa, biperiden.

Question 9

pirenzepine

Answer 9

used for peptic ulcer disease, M1 selective.

Question 10

oxybutynin and tolterodine

Answer 10

used for urgency in mild cystitis, incontinence

slight M3 selectivity