B.12. drugs used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. nootropic drugs Flashcards
mention all parkinson drugs
1/ levodopa. 2. carbidopa. 3. tolcapone and entacapone. 4. selegiline and rasagiline. 5. ergot alkaloid including: A. Bromocriptine, B. Pergolide C. Cabergoline. 6. Non ergot alkaloids: A. Pramipexol. B. Ropinirol. C. Apomorphine. D. Rotigotine. 7. Drugs for decreasing ACh function: A. Benztropine. B. Orphenadrine. C. PRocyclidine. D. BIperdine. E. Amantadine
ergot alkaloid including,
Used for:
D2 receptor agonist 5. ergot alkaloid including: A. Bromocriptine, B. Pergolide C. Cabergoline.
Non ergot alkaloids
Used for
D2 receptor agonist 6. Non ergot alkaloids: A. Pramipexol. B. Ropinirol. C. Apomorphine. D. Rotigotine.
Drugs for decreasing ACh function:
7. Drugs for decreasing ACh function: A. Benztropine. B. Orphenadrine. C. PRocyclidine. D. BIperdine. E. AMantidine
levodopa
Mechanism: Prodrug, passes BBB, converted by dopa decaboxylase to the CNS.
Carbidopa: irrevesbile non competitive inhibitor of dopa decaboxylase (Peripheral).
Kinetics:
Oral absorption
Short half life- 1-3 hours.
Adverse: Peripheral: Nauea, vomit. anorexia Arrythmia Hypotension
Central: Visural and auditory hallucisnations Dyskinesia Nightmare and physcosis. Anxiety and agitation
Interactions: Pyridoxidin and MAO inhibitors.
tolcapone and entacapone
mechanism: COMT inhibitors peripheral.
Kinetics:
Oral absorption
Elimination via urine
Selegiline and rasagiline
Selective MAO B inhibitors.
ERgot derivative:
Bromocriptine, cabergoline and pergolide
mechanism: D2 blockade
Use:
Parkinson
Acromegaly
Hyperprolactinemia,
adverse:
Peripheral: Nauea, vomit. anorexia Arrythmia Hypotension
Central:
Dyskinesia
Physcosis
Pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis
Non ergot alkaloids
Used for
D2 receptor agonist 6. Non ergot alkaloids: A. Pramipexol- Oral B. Ropinirol- oral C. Apomorphine- injection D. Rotigotine- patch
Peripheral Peripheral: Nauea, vomit. anorexia Arrythmia Hypotension
alzheimer AChe inhibitors
Tacrine
Donepezil
Rivastigimine
Galantamine
Alzhemier NMNA receptor antagonist
memantine
Adverse: Confusion agitation and restlessness.
MS drugs
Inteferon ONE alpha and beta GLATIRAMER Fingolimod Teriflunomide Dimethyl fumarate natalizumab mitoxantrone dalfampridine
Inteferon ONE alpha and beta (MS drug)
Immunomodulatory effects of interferon help decrease the inflammatory response that leads to axon demyelination.
Adverse effects: Depression Local injection site reaction Hepatic enzymes Flu-like symptoms
glatiramer (MS drug)
synethetic polypetitide resembling myelin protein acts as a decoy for T cell attack
Adverse:
Flushing
Chest pain
Anxiety
Fingolimod (MS Drug)
reduction of lymphocyte migration which may can bradycardia and macular edema.
Teriflunomide (oral) ms drug
Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, reduces activity of lymphocytes in the CNS
Adverse:
Liver enzyme increase and avoid giving in pregnancy
Dimethyl fumarate (oral) ms drug
reduces oxidative stress.
adverse:
Flsuhing and abdominal pain
Natalizumab ms drug
monoclonal antibody
mitoxantrone ms drug
cytotoxic anthracycline analogue which kills T cells.
dalfampridine (oral) ms drug
K channel blocker
Treatment for ALS
riluzole
NMDA receptor antagonist which may delay the progression of the disease
Adverse Hepatotoxic neurotropenia kidney damage interstitial lung disease