B.12. drugs used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. nootropic drugs

Question 1

mention all parkinson drugs

Answer 1

1/ levodopa.
2. carbidopa.
3. tolcapone and entacapone.
4. selegiline and rasagiline.
5. ergot alkaloid including: 
A. Bromocriptine, 
B. Pergolide
C. Cabergoline.
6. Non ergot alkaloids:
A. Pramipexol.
B. Ropinirol.
C. Apomorphine.
D. Rotigotine.
7. Drugs for decreasing ACh function:
A. Benztropine.
B. Orphenadrine.
C. PRocyclidine.
D. BIperdine.
E. Amantadine

Question 2

ergot alkaloid including,

Used for:

Answer 2

D2 receptor agonist  
5. ergot alkaloid including: 
A. Bromocriptine, 
B. Pergolide
C. Cabergoline.

Question 3

Non ergot alkaloids

Used for

Answer 3

D2 receptor agonist
6. Non ergot alkaloids:
A. Pramipexol.
B. Ropinirol.
C. Apomorphine.
D. Rotigotine.

Question 4

Drugs for decreasing ACh function:

Answer 4

7. Drugs for decreasing ACh function:
A. Benztropine.
B. Orphenadrine.
C. PRocyclidine.
D. BIperdine.
E. AMantidine

Question 5

levodopa

Answer 5

Mechanism: Prodrug, passes BBB, converted by dopa decaboxylase to the CNS.
Carbidopa: irrevesbile non competitive inhibitor of dopa decaboxylase (Peripheral).

Kinetics:
Oral absorption
Short half life- 1-3 hours.

Adverse:
Peripheral:
Nauea, vomit.
anorexia
Arrythmia
Hypotension

Central:
Visural and auditory hallucisnations
Dyskinesia
Nightmare and physcosis.
Anxiety and agitation

Interactions: Pyridoxidin and MAO inhibitors.

Question 6

tolcapone and entacapone

Answer 6

mechanism: COMT inhibitors peripheral.

Kinetics:
Oral absorption
Elimination via urine

Question 7

Selegiline and rasagiline

Answer 7

Selective MAO B inhibitors.

Question 8

ERgot derivative:

Answer 8

Bromocriptine, cabergoline and pergolide
mechanism: D2 blockade

Use:
Parkinson
Acromegaly
Hyperprolactinemia,

adverse:

Peripheral:
Nauea, vomit.
anorexia
Arrythmia
Hypotension

Central:
Dyskinesia
Physcosis
Pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 9

Non ergot alkaloids

Used for

Answer 9

D2 receptor agonist
6. Non ergot alkaloids:
A. Pramipexol- Oral
B. Ropinirol- oral
C. Apomorphine- injection
D. Rotigotine- patch

Peripheral
Peripheral:
Nauea, vomit.
anorexia
Arrythmia
Hypotension

Question 10

alzheimer AChe inhibitors

Answer 10

Tacrine
Donepezil
Rivastigimine
Galantamine

Question 11

Alzhemier NMNA receptor antagonist

Answer 11

memantine

Adverse: Confusion agitation and restlessness.

Question 12

MS drugs

Answer 12

Inteferon ONE alpha and beta 
GLATIRAMER
Fingolimod
Teriflunomide
Dimethyl fumarate
natalizumab
mitoxantrone
dalfampridine

Question 13

Inteferon ONE alpha and beta (MS drug)

Answer 13

Immunomodulatory effects of interferon help decrease the inflammatory response that leads to axon demyelination.

Adverse effects: 
Depression 
Local injection site reaction 
Hepatic enzymes 
Flu-like symptoms

Question 14

glatiramer (MS drug)

Answer 14

synethetic polypetitide resembling myelin protein acts as a decoy for T cell attack

Adverse:
Flushing
Chest pain
Anxiety

Question 15

Fingolimod (MS Drug)

Answer 15

reduction of lymphocyte migration which may can bradycardia and macular edema.

Question 16

Teriflunomide (oral) ms drug

Answer 16

Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, reduces activity of lymphocytes in the CNS

Adverse:
Liver enzyme increase and avoid giving in pregnancy

Question 17

Dimethyl fumarate (oral) ms drug

Answer 17

reduces oxidative stress.

adverse:
Flsuhing and abdominal pain

Question 18

Natalizumab ms drug

Answer 18

monoclonal antibody

Question 19

mitoxantrone ms drug

Answer 19

cytotoxic anthracycline analogue which kills T cells.

Question 20

dalfampridine (oral) ms drug

Answer 20

K channel blocker

Question 21

Treatment for ALS

Answer 21

riluzole
NMDA receptor antagonist which may delay the progression of the disease

Adverse 
Hepatotoxic
neurotropenia
kidney damage
interstitial lung disease