Topic 1 Element 1 & 2 - AO2 + E3 and 4 Flashcards
How does the role and purpose of public spaces change from 14th Century to the present day ?
Private owned avoided public spaces - excluded
Large civic minded philanthropy in response to more urbanisation in Victorian times
Car centric society – more movement
Urban renewal. The need to support communities and sustainability.
How does the relationship between the garden and the wider landscape change from 14th Century to the present day
Much more open. National Trust v land owned.
Sympathetically planting and growing – with nature not making a statement
Specific religious and spiritual meanings
More likely to support diversity and inclusivity
When do conservation collections originate, and how does their role change through the centuries?
They originated during the Renaissance period with a focus on botanical knowledge and exploration.
Over the centuries, their role expanded to include horticultural displays, ornamental collections, and, significantly, conservation efforts.
Today, these collections are essential contributors to biodiversity conservation, scientific research, and public education. The emphasis on the conservation role has grown, aligning gardens with broader global efforts to protect plant species and ecosystems.
How does the role and purpose of private gardens change?
Large ornamental gardens to impress the wealthy and powerful
Much more of an individual statement – resourcefulness is encouraged
Feeding and medicines
More about high quality and reduced sustainability (exception is WW2 and Dig For Victory)
Labour intensive now technology is used
Clear lines and delineation are now much more flexible in the approach.
How does the role and purpose of urban green space change, from early urbanisation to the twenty-first century?
Green spaces in early urban areas often served practical purposes, such as agriculture, grazing, and water management.
With rapid industrialization, urban green spaces began to serve as places of respite and escape from the harsh urban environments. The focus shifted to public health as cities became more crowded and polluted.
Post WWII Green spaces were recognized for their role in promoting physical and mental health, biodiversity conservation, and ecological balance. The emphasis on green infrastructure increased.
How do key historical events influence garden styles?
Key historical events have shaped garden styles by influencing the prevailing ideologies, values, and societal trends of their respective times.
Gardens serve as reflections of the broader cultural and historical context, evolving in response to changing ideas about nature, art, and society.
What sources of information can you use to help establish the period and style of a garden?
Estate archives, municipal records, and personal correspondences
Old Maps
Books on Garden design
Old photos, paintings and designs
Botanical records
Local history groups
Old lines resources
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Employment
The National Trust employs about 10,000 people, roughly 600 of them are gardeners
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Training
The National Trust Heritage Garden Programme Historic and Botanic Garden Training Programmes (HBGTP) enable bodies to train up budding horticulturalists
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Tourism
Research by VisitBritain published in 2019 showed that a third of overseas visitors to the UK spent part of their trip at a park or garden.
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Creative arts
Highclere Castle, Berkshire became famous as the setting for Downton Abbey – a historical drama series for television and a film.
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Conservation
- Priory Park, Grade 1 Listed Palladian Bridge
- Kew Gardens Greenhouse
- Painshill Park - Follies
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Conservation of Nature
- Veteran/champion trees ( according to the Royal Forestry Society these are ‘individual trees which are exceptional examples of their species because of their enormous size, great age, rarity or historical significance)
e.g. Trachycarpus fortunei at Trebah Gardens, - Wildlife habitats - National Trust: we plan to create and restore ‘priority’ wildlife habitats on 10 per cent of our land.
- National collections, e.g.
National Botanic Gardens of Wales
The Royal Botanic Collection - Kew
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - National Identity
- Charles II hiding in the oak tree?
- Chelsea Flower Show
- Regional/ county flowers, Lancaster and Yorkshire roses, Welsh daffodil
- Dig for Victory
- Tree that Isaac Newton sat under when the apple fell on his head
- Allotments
- Radio 4 Gardeners Question Time
Example of the value of horticultural heritage to society: economic benefits - Community
Erleigh Community Centre
