Topic 1 Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are nucleotides made of

Answer 1

Phosphate group, pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base

Question 2

What are the five bases

Answer 2

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracil

Question 3

What is the pentose sugar for DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribose

Question 4

What is the pentose sugar for adenosine triphosphate

Answer 4

Ribose

Question 5

What is the base for adenosine triphosphate

Answer 5

Adenine

Question 6

What type of reaction joins the three nucleotide components

Answer 6

Condensation

Question 7

What is the function of adenosine triphosphate

Answer 7

Releases energy

Question 8

How does the structure allow the function

Answer 8

The bonds contain energy and if you break a bond it will release energy (add water to break the bonds by hydrolysis)

Question 9

What is the function of DNA

Answer 9

Carrying genetic information and codes for protein

Question 10

How many bases code for one amino acid

Answer 10

Three

Question 11

How do polynucleotides form

Answer 11

Mononucleotides (monomers) join to make polynucleotides (polymers)

Question 12

What bonds join the phosphate group to the pentose sugar

Answer 12

Phosphodiester

Question 13

What bonds form between the bases

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine

Answer 14

Two

Question 15

How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine

Answer 15

Three

Question 16

What two scientists discovered the structure of DNA

Answer 16

James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1950s

Question 17

How is DNA stable

Answer 17

It has a sugar-phosphate backbone that protects the bases, strong bonds, multiple hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 18

How does the structure of DNA help its function

Answer 18

Complimentary base pairings and easily broken hydrogen bonds allow for easy replication. rarely mutates, its incredibly large and helical which allows it to carry a large amount of genetic information

Question 19

What is the function of DNA-helicase

Answer 19

It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases

Question 20

What is the function of DNA-polymerase

Answer 20

It creates phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group and pentose sugar in the new strand

Question 21

Is DNA replication conservative or semi-conservative

Answer 21

DNA replication is -semi-conservative because one of the original strands remains in the new DNA molecule

Question 22

Define specific heat capacity

Answer 22

Specific heat capacity is the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1℃

Question 23

Why is there a strong cohesion between water molecules

Answer 23

Due to their polarity, water molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds help hold water together so they can flow as a continuous stream. This is known as mass flow

Question 24

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) definition

Answer 24

A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups

Question 25

Amino Acid definition

Answer 25

The monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins

Question 26

Benedicts test

Answer 26

A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present

Question 27

Biuret test

Answer 27

A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein