Topic 1 Atomic Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Atom made up of

Answer 1

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 2

Relative mass + charge of proton

Answer 2

1, +1

Question 3

Relative mass + charge of neutron

Answer 3

1, 0

Question 4

Relative mass and charge of electon

Answer 4

1/1860 , -1

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

Number of Protons

Question 6

Mass Number

Answer 6

Number of protons+ + neutrons

Question 7

Isotope

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers

Question 8

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 8

The mass of an atom of an element relative to the mass of one atom of carbon 12

Question 9

Relative Molecular Mass

Answer 9

Relative Atomic Masses of everyting in molecule added up

Question 10

Relative Formula Mass

Answer 10

Relative Atomic Masses of everyting in structure added up

Question 11

2 uses of mass spectrometry

Answer 11

• Identify unknown compounds
• Find relative abundances of isotopes

Question 12

What will the mass spectrometry graph for chlorine look like

Answer 12

3 peaks, abundance of isotopes determines height

Question 13

How to find Relative Molecular Mass of polyatomic molecule, and what to look out for

Answer 13

Last spike, discount very last small peak as that will be Carbon 13 or M+1 peak

Question 14

How does m/z change if charge is +2

Answer 14

Halves

Question 15

First Ionisation energy

Answer 15

The energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of an elements atoms to form 1 mole of 1+ ions under standard condition

Question 16

3 Factors that affect ionisation energy

Answer 16

Atomic Radius
Nuclear Charge
Electron Shielding

Question 17

Why ionisation energy increases across period

Answer 17

Increased nuclear charge, decreasing atomic radius with the same electron shielding.

Question 18

Why does ionisation energy dip at group 3 and group 6

Answer 18

Group 3 is a large dip because outer electron is in a p orbital rather than an s orbital
Group 6 is a dip because one p orbital contains 2 electrons, which repel each other

Question 19

How do emmision spectra provide evidence for existence of quantum shells

Answer 19

When electrons shift back down from higher energy levels they release energy (flame test). use a spectroscope to see EM radiation released and all same so therefore clear there are levels.

Question 20

What is an orbital

Answer 20

A reigon within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

Question 21

Shape of a p orbital

Answer 21

Peanut/ Dumbell

Question 22

Shape of an s orbital

Answer 22

Spherical

Question 23

Electon configuration of Calcium

Answer 23

[Ar] 4s2

Question 24

4s vs 3d

Answer 24

4s has a lower energy level until after Ca where 3d is lower and electrons start to fill

Question 25

Hund’s Rule

Answer 25

Electrons will occupy single shells before pairing

Question 26

Melting + Boiling Point Across a period

Answer 26

Goes down