1. weight management 2. exercise 3. muscle strengthening 4. hot/cold to affected joints

Top 55 dx (3) Flashcards by D S

Hyperlipidemia Rx

atorvastatin 10 mg PO qd

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HLD dx studies

Fasting labs:
cbc
cmp
TSH
Lipid panel

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HLD non pharm

healthy lifestyle choices
exercise
DASH and mediterranean diet
weight management

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HTN Rx

(diuretic) hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg PO once daily

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Kidney Disease Rx

depends on cause

lisinopril 2.5 mg PO once daily
+ empagliflozin 10 mg PO once daily (albumin >300 or protein >500)

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Kidney stones Rx

NSAID - indomethacin 25 mg PO, TID, as needed

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Laryngitis Sx

hoarseness usually preceded by a viral URI

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Laryngitis Rx

acetaminophen 650 q4-6H prn

(mucolytic) guaifenesin 1200 mg PO, BID prn (Mucinex)

(cough suppressant) codeine sulfate 15 mg PO q4-6H prn

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Migraines Sx

unilateral, pulsating, episodic pain, NV, photophobia, phonophobia

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migraine dx studies

CBC
CMP
TSH

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Migraine Rx

Acute - ibuprofen 400 mg PO every 4-6 hours, prn

Acute - sumatriptan when it’s mild to help stop progression; 200 mg/day PO dose

topiramate 25 mg qHS x 1 week then 50 mg/day q wk

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Mononucleosis - most often from

EBV

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Mononucleosis Sx

fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, malaise, rash, mylagia

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mono Rx

acetaminophen 650 q4-6 H prn

ibuprofen 400 mg q4-6 H prn

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mono non pharm

Get rest
adequate fluids
nutritious diet

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Onychomycosis Rx

terbinafine 250 mg PO daily for 12 weeks (toes) or 6 weeks (nails

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osteoarthritis

progressive destruction of cartilage and bone

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OA clinical findings

asymmetrical joint pain
morning stiffness < 1 hour
stiffness returns at end of day
joints are cool with crepitus
limited ROM

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OA diagnostic studies

no dx lab tests needed
order x ray

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Osteoarthritis Rx

acetaminophen 650 q4-6H prn

diclofenac topic 1%, apply to affected area, QID, prn

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OA non pharm

weight management
exercise
muscle strengthening
hot/cold to affected joints

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otitis externa Rx

bacterial: ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone 0.3/0.1% four drops in ear, BID, for 7 days

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otitis media Rx

Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) 875/125 mg PO BID for 5 days

OSA Rx

none - need CPAP machine, refer to sleep specialist

OSA non pharm

Exercise weight management quit smoking get vaccinated avoid alcohol avoid sedatives don't sleep in supine position (sleep on side)

PAD

stenosis of occlusion of limb arteries that impeded blood flow

PAD assessment findings 5

1. intermittent claudication 2. pain, ache, cramp with activity 3. lack of hair growth on lower leg 4. thickened toenails 5. diminished or absent pulses

PAD dx studies

1. gold standard is CTA of lower extremities 2. ABI

PAD Rx

clopidogrel 75 mg PO qd

PAD non pharm

1. quit smoking 2. improve DM or HTN 3. stop exercising when it hurts, restart when it stops hurting 4. walk 3 x/week for 30-60 mins 5. weight reduction

Pharyngitis s/sx

sore throat pharyngeal inflammation cervical adenopathy

Pharyngitis Rx

acetaminophen 650 q4-6H prn

Pneumonia s/sx

cough with sputum fever chills dyspnea pleuritic pain myalgia arthralgia

PNA dx studies 3

1. chest x ray 2. CBC w/ diff 3. influenza test, covid test

Pneumonia Rx

amoxicillin 1000 mg TID for 5 days or azithromycin 500 mg x 1 day then 250 mg x 4 days

Psoriasis s/sx

well demarcated erythematous plaques with scales

Psoriasis Rx

hydrocortisone topical 2.5%, apply 2-4 times/day prn

Upper respiratory tract infection is usually

viral

URTI Rx

acetaminophen 650 q4-6H prn

RLS Rx

carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg PO at bedtime

RLS non pharm

minimize alcohol, caffeine, nicotine stretch exercise massage affected area

immune mediated inflammatory arthritis

RA assessment findings 6

1. weakness 2. fatigue 3. malaise 4. joint pain/stiffness at rest and with movement 5. joint pain lasts > 1 hour in morning 6. symmetrical joint pain

RA dx studies 6

1. joint x ray 2. RF 3. ANA 4. anti CCP 5. ESR 6. CRP

RA Rx

hydroxychloroquine sulfate 400 mg PO daily

RA non pharm

rest exercise PT/OT x ray of area ophthalmologic screening for Rx

RA labs

CBC CMP ESR CRP

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis S/Sx

sneezing rhinorrhea nasal obstruction itchy eyes, nose, palate Postnasal drip cough irritability, fatigue

Rhinitis Rx

intranasal corticosteroid - fluticasone propionate nasal 50 mcg, 2 sprays in each nostril, daily oral antihistamine - loratadine 10 mg daily prn

Sciatic Rx

ibuprofen 400 mg q4-6 prn or cyclobenzaprine 5 mg TID prn

Sinusitis S/Sx

inflammation of sinuses facial pain stuffy, runny nose thick mucus tooth discomfort fever, fatigue, cough, HA

sinusitis Rx

tylenol prn fever/pain Fluticasone propionate/Flonase 50 mcg 2 sprays in each nostril daily prn

Sinusitis is most often

viral

Tinea corporis aka

ring worm

Tinea Corporis Rx

Terbinafine topical 1% BID 3 weeks Or clotrimazole topical 1% cream q day for 2 weeks

Mono - spread how

Most often bodily fluids (saliva)

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nails