Respiratory Flashcards
most common cause of atypical pneumonia in adults
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Most common cause of pneumonia in adults
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Organism response for “walking pneumonia”
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Definitive test for TB
sputum specimen
contraindicated in asthma patients when used alone because it can cause sudden death
Long acting bronchodilator i.e. salmeterol - should be used in combo with an inhaled steroid
pertussis is caused by what organism
Bordetella pertussis
pertussis stages
3
catarrhal phase
paroxysmal phase
convalescence
Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) schedule for children
4 doses - 2, 4, 6 months and 12-15 months
PCV13 has helped fight what in children
2
- reduce ear infections caused by S. pneumo (most common cause of bacterial infection for AOM)
- reduce incidence of recurrent ear infections and tube placement by 10-20%
2 most common organisms that cause AOM in children
1 is Strep Pneumo
2 Haemophilus influenzae
asthma - mild intermittent
sx 2 or less days/week
asthma - mild persistent
sx > 2 days/week
OR
3-4 times/month at night
asthma - mod persistent
daily sx
OR
> 1 night/week, but not nightly
asthma - severe persistent
symptoms throughout the day; often 7 nights/week
3 normal breath sounds
bronchial
bronchovesicular
vesicular
Breath sounds heard over periphery of the lung fields
vesicular sounds - quiet, wispy inspiratory phase with short, almost silent expiratory phase
bronchial breath sounds are heard where
over the trachea and larynx
breath sounds - full inspiratory and expiratory phase with inspiratory phase being louder
bronchial breath sounds
breath sounds - full inspiratory phase with a shortened and softer expiratory phase
bronchovesicular sounds
fever, cough, and infiltrates on chest x ray is most likely
PNA
Common sx of PNA
8
cough
fever
chest pain
dyspnea
sputum production
GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
most common sequela/complication of influenza in older adults is
PNA
most common cause of death and most common cause of hospital admission in older adults with influenza is
PNA
2 SABA
albuterol
levalbuterol
beta 2 agonists end in what
-terol
provide rapid dilation of the bronchioles and can give immediate relief of SOB
SABA -terol
salmeterol is a what
LABA
ICS end in
-one
class of med that can cause dry cough
ACE inhibitors, end in -pril
what % of patients on an ACE inhibitor develop a dry cough
5-20%
Why does ACE-I cause a dry cough
angiotensin converting enzyme metabolizes bradykinin in the lungs and bradykinin produces acid metabolites and nitric oxide that promote coughing
inhalers typically contain how many puffs
200
SABA rescue inhalers should be used how often
two or fewer times per week
how is influenza dx
nasal swab
most common influenza during predominant strain outbreak
influenza A
Common side effects of a SABA
5
tachycardia
jitteriness
tremors
nervousness
hypokalemia (if used on regular basis)
