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OSCI > Top 55 dx (2) > Flashcards

Top 55 dx (2) Flashcards

1
Q

DM Rx

A

if a1c <7.5, start with lifestyle changes and monotherapy. metformin 500 mg bid, daily

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2
Q

DM DD

A

metabolic syndrome
hypothyroid
prediabetes

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3
Q

diarrhea Rx

A

if afebrile, loperamide 4 mg x 1 PO, then 2 mg PO after each loose stool

Max 16mg/day

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4
Q

diarrhea DD

A

IBS, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer

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5
Q

dyspepsia Rx

A

PPI - pantoprazole 20 mg PO daily for 8 weeks, then reevaluate

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6
Q

dyspepsia non pharm

A

lose weight
eat moderate amounts of food at each meal
avoid food/snacks within three hours of sleep

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7
Q

dyspepsia labs

A

cbc
cmp
lipase
amylase

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8
Q

dyspepsia DD

A

hiatal hernia
esophageal spasms
esophageal cancer

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9
Q

dysphagia Rx

A

none

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10
Q

dysphagia non pharm, imaging

A

swallowing rehab, speech therapy
barium swallow exam, upper endoscopy

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11
Q

dysphagia DD

A

esophageal strictures
MS
esophageal tumor

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12
Q

emphysema s/sx

A

pink puffers
severe dyspnea, normal ABGs
thin
barrel chest
dyspnea on exertion
decreased breath sounds

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13
Q

emphysema Rx

A

SABA albulterol 90 mcg 2 puffs 4-6 h prn
LABA formoterol 12 mcg 1 puff q12h daily

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14
Q

fibromyalgia Rx

A

cyclobenzaprine 5 mg PO one daily at bedtime

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15
Q

fibromyalgia non pharm, labs, DD

A
  1. CBT, PT
  2. CBC, CMP, CRP, thyroid function test
  3. RA, depression, polymyalgia rheumatica
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16
Q

fibromyalgia s/sx

A

soft tissue pain in muscles, ligaments, tendons
post exercise malaise
fatigue
polyarthralgia
headaches
depressed mood
appears tired

17
Q

gallstones s/sx

A

intense, dull discomfort located in RUQ, epigastric or substernal area that may radiate to back
diaphoresis
NV
triggered by a fatty meal
post prandial pain

18
Q

gallstones rx

A

ursodiol 8 mg/kg/day PO, divided into three dose (TID)

19
Q

gallstones labs, imagina

A

cbc cmp amylase lipase
transabdominal US

20
Q

gallstones DD

A

PUD
acute cholecystitis
pancreatitis

21
Q

acute gout attack s/sx

A

pain, tenderness, erythema, swelling of affected joint
usually monoarticular, mostly big toe
excruciating pain that awakens them at night

22
Q

acute gout attack rx

A

NSAID for pain - indomethacin 25 mg q8H PO for 5-10 days, stop med when pain stops

colchicine (kowl chuh seen) 1.5 mg PO x 1, then 0.6 mg PO 1 hour later x 1, for three days

23
Q

acute gout attack non pharm

A

rest
elevate area
avoid triggers (alcohol)
avoid food high in purine (seafood, shellfish, turkey, bacon)

24
Q

acute gout attack labs, imaging, DD

A

CBC CMP serum uric acid level
x ray of area
arthritis, fracture, cellulitis

25
Q

ED rx

A

sildenafil 25 mg once daily, prn, 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity

26
Q

ED non pharm, labs, imaging, DD

A
  1. reduce alcohol, tobacco, drug use; psychosexual therapy
  2. cbc, cmp, fasting BG to r/o DM, TSH, testosterone levels, PSA levels
  3. color doppler sonography to assess vascular causes
  4. urithritis, late stage syphilitic lesions, penile tumor
27
Q

HA s/sx tension, migraine, cluster

A

tension - NV, bilateral pressure, bandlike pain, sleep issues, social stressors, neck arthritis, neck muscle spasms

migraine - unilateral, pulsating, episodic pain, NV, photophobia, phonophobia

cluster - periorbital, nighttime unilateral non-pulsating pain, photophobia, tearing, nasal stuffiness

28
Q

HA rx

A

ibuprofen 400 mg PO q4-6 hours prn
prophylactic - topiramate 25 mg qHS x 1week then 50 mg/day q week

29
Q

headache - bilateral pressure, bandlike pressure, neck arthritis, neck muscle spasms

A

tension

30
Q

headache - unilateral, pulsating, episodic pain

A

migraine

31
Q

headache - periorbital, nighttime unilateral non-pulsating pain

A

cluster

32
Q

hematuria can be caused by

A

infection
menstruation
vigorous exercise
viral illness
trauma

33
Q

hematuria Rx

A

pain - ibuprofen 400 mg PO 2-6 H prn
UTI - nitrofurantoin 100 mg PO BID 5 days
pyelonephritis - ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID 3 days
urethritis - doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days

34
Q

hematuria non pharm, labs, imaging, DD

A
  1. heat pads, increase fluid intake, avoid coffee/soda/alcohol, encourage frequent voiding
  2. UA, urine microscopy, CBC CMP
  3. abd CT
  4. kidney stones, UTI, urethritis

OSCI (20 decks)

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