Top 5 Toxic Plants - Mid-atlantic Flashcards
What is the toxic agent associated with wild cherries?
(Cyanide)
How does the toxin associated with wild cherries cause damage in the body?
(It irreversible binds oxygen to hemoglobin → venous blood will be bright ‘cherry’ red)
The onset of wild cherry toxicosis is within minutes/hours/days (choose).
(Minutes → 15-20 to be specific)
(T/F) Wild cherries are toxic in any stage and any part of the plant.
(F, only the wilted leaves are toxic)
What is the treatment for wild cherry toxicosis?
(Sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrate combo, 100-250ml IV)
The onset of Japanese yew toxicosis is within minutes/hours/days (choose).
(Hours → 1-3 to be specific)
What is the toxic agent associated with Japanese yew plants?
(Taxine)
What are the clinical signs associated with buckeye toxicosis? Two answers.
(Stilted gait/goose stepping and down with hyperesthesia)
What are the two principle toxins associated with buckeye toxicosis?
(Aesculin and fraxin, both are glycosides)
What organ is affected by Japanese yew toxicosis?
(The heart)
What organ is affected by buckeye toxicosis?
(The brain)
The onset of buckeye toxicosis is within minutes/hours/days (choose).
(Hours → 12-24)
What is the treatment for buckeye toxicosis?
(Sedation (xylazine/acepromazine) and monitoring to prevent injury until the toxins leave their system)
What organ is affected by acorn toxicosis?
(Kidney, causes renal tubular necrosis; also GI but that’s not what kills them, causes watery black diarrhea)
The onset of acorn toxicosis is within minutes/hours/days (choose).
(Days until clinical signs are apparent)
What is the treatment for acorn toxicosis?
(Supportive (IV and oral fluids), usually unrewarding)
What is the typical presentation of a cow with acorn toxicity?
(ADR with dark diarrhea +/- ruminal distension d/t fluid)
What is the toxic agent associated with acorns?
(Tannins)
(T/F) If pregnant cows ingest a non-lethal amount of acorns, it can result in birth defects in the calf.
(T)
Why does fescue cause early embryonic death in cows that are bred during the summer?
(Because fescue raises body temp by 1-2 degrees and in addition to the heat of the summer, makes the cows body temp incompatible for an embryo)
You are presented with a goat that has generalized weakness. While you are examining it, the goat projectile vomits all over you. What is wrong with this goat?
(It has rhododendron toxicosis, tx is supportive care)
What is the pathogenesis of nitrate toxicity?
(Hemoglobin gets converted into methemoglobin, can no longer bind oxygen and patient will be anoxic → exercise intolerant, down, ‘seizures’, and belligerent)
What is the treatment for nitrate toxicity?
(Methylene blue IV (1% solution at 10mg/kg; or 1cc vitamin C per 5 pounds if methylene blue unavailable)
What clinical sign is associated with spiny pigweed toxicosis?
(ADR)
What organ system is affected by spiny pigweed toxicosis? (Kidneys)
(Kidneys)
What clinical signs are associated with jimson weed toxicosis?
(Increased resp rate, increased heart rate, and frequent urination and defecation)
What clinical sign is associated with perilla mint toxicosis?
(Causes acute resp distress → panting)
