Mastitis Flashcards
What are the five components of milk?
(Water, solids, protein, fat, and ash)
What is significant about the differences in ewe versus cow/doe milk?
(Bc of the differences in solids/protein/fat/ash, cow/doe milk cannot be used as milk replacer in lambs)
Cow and sheep milk are apocrine/merocrine (choose).
(Merocrine)
Goat milk is apocrine/merocrine (choose) and that can explain the low/high (choose) somatic cell count when compared to other species.
(Apocrine, high)
What are the two DNA specific counting methods used for measuring SCC?
(Fossomatic electronic cell counter and direct microscopic counts using DNA specific stains)
Why do goats tend to have a better response to infectious agents in their mammary glands?
(Bc they already have a high number of circulatory neutrophils at that site)
The first lactation SCCs are the lowest/highest (choose) in cattle.
(Lowest)
An increased lactation number in goats is associated with an increase/decrease (choose) in SCC.
(Increase)
(T/F) Lactation number has very little influence on the SCC of sheep milk.
(T)
What are the normal SCCs for early, mid, and late lactation goats?
(Early → 600-700k, mid → 800k, late → 1.8-3.4mil)
What do SCCs increase during estrus?
(Estrogen increases alveolar sloughing and regeneration)
Which of the following is FALSE:
A - Goats have a higher SCC in the evening
B - Sheep have a higher SCC in the morning
C - Cows have a higher SCC in the evening
D - Cows have a higher SCC in the morning
(D)
(T/F) In goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis, her SCCs will be increased compared to other goats as soon as her first lactation.
(F, 2nd and greater lactation)
(T/F) We know that CAE is a factor for increased SCCs, but OPP and BLV have not been shown to be a factor in increased SCC is sheep and cattle respectively.
(F, OPP is a factor for increased SCCs, BLV is not)
Hand milking is associated with a lower/higher SCC.
(Lower)
Do vaccines increase or decrease SCC for up to 7 days post vaccination?
(Increase)
What bacteria is the most common cause of clinical mastitis in goats and which causes blue bag?
(Staph aureus)
Coagulase negative Staph species are most commonly associated with subclinical mastitis/clinical mastitis/toxic mastitis (choose).
(Subclinical mastitis)
Why is coliform mastitis rare in goats?
(Bc udder is better protected)
What three clinical signs do you look for to indicate whether you should treat a goat with acute mastitis?
(Fever over 104, severe depression, and/or no rumen motility)
The withdrawal time for goat milk is suggested to be equal/doubled/tripled (choose) when compared to cattle milk.
(Doubled)
Pair the following location with the bacteria that are likely to affect that area:
Milk and epithelial lining
A - Strep agalactia/dysgalactia, coagulase negative staph
B - Staph aureus, Strep uberis, Trueperella pyogenes
C - Coliforms
(A)
Pair the following location with the bacteria that are likely to affect that area:
Deep tissue
A - Strep agalactia/dysgalactia, coagulase negative staph
B - Staph aureus, Strep uberis, Trueperella pyogenes
C - Coliforms
(B)
Pair the following location with the bacteria that are likely to affect that area:
Milk and systemic
A - Strep agalactia/dysgalactia, coagulase negative staph
B - Staph aureus, Strep uberis, Trueperella pyogenes
C - Coliforms
(C)
What is the causative agent of summer mastitis and how is it spread?
(Trueperella pyogenes and flies)
Pair the following colony formation on a blood agar plate with the appropriate bacterial isolate:
Moderately sized round colonies with hemolysis
A - Staph aureus
B - Coagulase negative staph
C - Strep spp.
(A)
Pair the following colony formation on a blood agar plate with the appropriate bacterial isolate:
Moderately sized round colonies with no hemolysis
A - Staph aureus
B - Coagulase negative staph
C - Strep spp.
(B)
Pair the following colony formation on a blood agar plate with the appropriate bacterial isolate:
Pinpoint sized colonies with hemolysis
A - Staph aureus
B - Coagulase negative staph
C - Strep spp.
(C)
What group of bacteria are indicated if your mastitis sample grew colonies on a MacConkey plate?
(Coliforms)
Of the following products, which can be used to treat CoNS, Strep dysgalactia, and E. coli mastitis?
A - Pirsue
B - Today
C - Spectramast
D - Amoxi-Mast
(C)
Pirsue (Staph aureus, Strep ag/dysgalactia/uberis)
Today (Staph aureus, Strep ag, and CoNS)
Spectramast (CoNS, Strep dysgalactia, E. coli)
Amoxi-Mast (Staph aureus, Strep ag, CoNS)
What SCC and higher is considered high for a newly freshened cow?
(200k → bc just off dry period and should have received a dry cow tx, i.e. teats should be the healthiest they possibly could be)
What are some causes for high somatic cell counts in heifers? 5 answers.
(Drinking waste milk when young, poor management (particularly pertaining to flies), dirty environment, dirty calving area, milking (not as used to it as cows, may kick at machine or move around))
What practices can be implemented by a farm that has a history of increased SCCs in heifers? 5 answers.
(Pasteurize waste milk, fly management fix environment, proper milking, and tx 10-14 days prior to freshening with mastitis tube)
What organisms are orbeseal especially good for because it blocks the teat canal?
(Environmental streps and coliforms)
