FAMS Exam 1 Flashcards
What drives the bus for the history of a dairy cow (i.e. what’s the most important information to get for a dairy cow’s history)?
(Days in milk)
What does LUMMAR stand for (i.e. the main 6 things to evaluate for a dairy cow)?
(Lungs, uterus, mammary, metabolic, abomasum, rumen)
What is the worst-built portion of the bovine?
(The lungs)
Where should you default if you find nothing else wrong with a cow with a fever of unknown origin?
(Lungs)
The uterus is a common cause of problems/pathology in a cow for the first how many weeks postpartum?
(2 weeks)
(T/F) Milk production can be used to distinguish between local and systemic mastitis.
(F, milk production is not a good indicator of whether the problem is local or systemic)
What presentation defines subclinical mastitis (what does the cow look like, what does the milk look like)?
(Normal cow, milk with elevated somatic cells)
What presentation defines systemic mastitis (what does the cow look like, what does the milk look like)?
(8-10% dehydrated, depressed, feverish cow down in milk (>50%) and watery to brown/orange milk)
What two organisms are typically the cause of systemic/toxic mastitis?
(Coliforms - E. coli and Klebsiella)
How are systemic/toxic mastitis-causing organisms obtained?
(From the environment)
Cows with severe systemic illness may have sub/normal/elevated temperatures (choose one).
(All of the above)
Describe a normal rumen contraction (how many in how many minutes and what it should feel like).
(3 contractions every 2 minutes, your hand and stethoscope should be pushed outward during the contraction)
(T/F) There are no normal pings on the left side of a cow.
(T)
(T/F) Lung fields are much wider in cattle than other species.
(F, much narrower)
If a cow’s eyes are sunken, you can assume they are at least what percent dehydrated?
(7%)
Subclinical ketosis usually occurs secondarily to another pathology causing what clinical sign in cows?
(Anorexia)
What are the two ways to distinguish between a normal and abnormal ping on the right side of a cow?
(The size, a normal ping is typically no larger than a flat hand and an abnormal ping can span 3-4 ribs/rib spaces; consistency, a normal ping is typically inconsistent while an RDA/RTA ping is prominent and consistent)
You tent the skin on a cow and the skin stays tented for 4 seconds, what percent dehydrated is this cow?
(4%)
How do you distinguish between an RDA/RTA versus a cecal torsion via pinging?
(The pings for a cecal torsion should extend into the paralumbar fossa whereas RDA/RTA pings do not)
Scars have decreased strength/vascularity/cellularity (choose).
(All three)
What is the difference between a contaminated and dirty wound?
(A dirty wound has an active infection present, contaminated just has debris or spillage but not an infection (yet))
What is the benefit to choosing vertical mattress sutures over horizontal?
(Horizontal can impinge on peripheral healing capillaries)
What are three ways to manage dead space?
(Suturing all tissue planes separately and accurately, use of drains, and pressure dressing)
How do hematomas increase risk of infection in wounds?
(Blood is a great growth media for bacteria)