All Pig Stuff Flashcards
What is the purpose of quarantine?
(Prevent transmission of disease both from new to resident and resident to new, better observation of newbies, and to identify disease, behavioral, and nutritional diseases in newbies)
(T/F) Even if new populations of animals are of the same known health status as your resident animals, it is still best to have a short quarantine period.
(T)
Which of the following are appropriate topics to be discussed during a vet-to-vet call when bringing new animals into a herd? (Yeah this is a funny question, but there’s another question where I ask you to list the correct reasons so you best know them)
A - Your favorite colors +/- if you prefer the sparkly version of that color or not
B - Confirmation that source herd has not had any recent disease outbreaks
C - Your favorite coverall brands
D - To determine what disease have or have not been detected/tested for in the source herd
E - Your favorite season and why
F - To determine what vaccination programs are used (what are they given and when)
G - Your vet school crush and why
H - To determine what antimicrobials are being used in the source herd’s feed and/or water
(B, D, F, and H)
What are the main topics that should be discussed in a vet-to-vet call?
(Recent disease outbreaks in the source herd, what diseases have or have not been detected/tested for, what vaccination program is used, and what antimicrobials are being used in the feed/water)
How are diseases generally transmitted between pigs?
(Direct, makes quarantine real nice looking)
Diseases are generally transmitted through direct contact between pigs, what are additional routes of transmission?
(Rodent/bird vectors, fomites, environmental transmission via aerosol, water, food, or dirt)
What should be included in quarantine areas that can minimize fomite transmission, particularly pertaining to humans?
(Foot baths, hand washing stations, changing area, +/- use of gloves)
What should be included in quarantine areas to minimize environmental transmission (aerosol, water, food, or dirt)?
(No common water or feed sources, easy to clean surfaces to minimize dirt, no contact b/w resident pigs and newbies)
Unless the newbie pigs/animals are entirely naive animals with no exposure to any diseases, when should quarantined animals be fed, watered, checked on, etc?
(Dead last)
What is a good general time period for quarantine?
(28-30 days, minimum is 2 weeks)
What occurs during an acclimation period that is an additional 15-30 days on top of quarantine time?
(Acclimatization period allows for the newbies to be exposed to or immunized for diseases affecting the resident pigs/animals)
What should be done during the acclimation period?
(Vaccinate for specific organisms that are proven to be an issue in your resident herd, exposure the newbies to a resident sentinel pig, and treat with antiparasitics (both internal and external) prior to entry into the resident herd)
What are the most common causes of death in piglets?
(Trauma, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia)
What are some of the skin related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?
(Epitheliogenesis imperfecta → monitor for QOL and manage as a wound, polydactyly → left alone or removed in show pigs, and cleft palates)
What are some of the CNS related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?
(Tremors → will grow out of it, splayed legs → if congenital can try to hobble them, if traumatic not much to do, hydrocephalus → will die)
What are some of the urogenital related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?
(Atresia ani → if partial will be fine, if not will die, intersex → fairly common, won’t affect growth but cannot be in the breeding herd)
Piglet losses increase when the piglets are what weight or less at birth?
(<2.5-2.75 lbs)
In which gestational status of mom pigs are stillbirths highest?
(Gilts and older sows)
If you are presented with 1-5 day old piglets with diarrhea, what all should be on your differential list?
(E. coli, Clostridium spp., coronaviruses (TGE/PEDv), and rotavirus)
If you are presented with >5 day old piglets with greyish diarrhea, what will be at the top of your differential list?
(Coccidia)
What diarrheal piglet diseases are associated with the highest mortality?
(TGE and PEDv)
Compare and contrast rotavirus and coronavirus in pathophysiology, clinical signs, and ages affected.
(Pathophysiology: rota takes the tips, corona takes the whole villi down to the crypts → villi take a week to regenerate, baby cannot absorb anything in the meantime and die; clinical signs: rota mostly diarrhea, corona diarrhea and vomiting so they get dehydrated fast and die; ages affected: rota is a baby pig dzs, TGE/PEDv can affect any age pig)
What are some of the strategies that can be used to obtain herd immunity against coronaviruses?
(Autogenous or commercially available vaccine and feedback (feed intestines of infected animals to the whole herd, found to not work for PEDv though))
When should creep feed start in piglets?
(Around 7 days of age)
If you note arthritis or polyarthritis in piglets, what are the possible causative agents and what can be used to treat?
(Strep spp, Staph spp, and T. pyogenes; tx with cephalosporins or penicillins)
In general, pigs are weaned at what age?
(3 weeks of age)
(T/F) Though nursery pigs still get diarrhea when they have E. coli infections, they will present more septicemic when compared to a piglet.
(T)
(T/F) Nursery is where exposure to Lawsonia intracellularis (causative agent of proliferative enteropathy) begins but clinical disease caused by Lawsonia is typically associated with growers/finisher pigs.
(T)
What parasitic infection is responsible for weaned pig diarrhea particularly when pastures are used instead of confinement?
(Trichuris suis, whipworms)
Why is coccidia associated with greyish-green diarrhea?
(Bc coccidia causes the intestinal lining to necrose which translates the greyish-green diarrhea)
What is the causative agent of edema disease which can cause CNS signs in nursery pigs?
(E. coli)
What are some of the CNS disorders that can cause ataxia, staggering, down and paddling, seizures, and convulsions in nursery pigs?
(Edema dz, Strep suis meningitis, salt poisoning, ascending paralysis from tail abscesses/infections, otitis interna +/- aural hematoma, pseudorabies, and Glasser’s dz (polyserositis mainly but can see some CNS signs))
What are some of the causative agents of polyserositis/arthritis in nursery pigs?
(Strep suis type 2, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis or hyosynoviae, Erysipelothrix, and other secondary invaders from neonatal infections)
What are some of the causative agents of respiratory disorders in nursery pigs?
(Atrophic rhinitis, PRRSv, circovirus, influenza, salmonellosis, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)
What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease?
(Staphylococcus hyicus)
What is the typical presentation of pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and what will you find on necropsy?
(Presentation is sudden death in previously healthy pigs, necropsy you’ll find caudodorsal fibrinonecrotic lung lesions)
What is the causative agent of verminous pneumonia and how will affected pigs present?
(Ascaris suum, will have a wet cough that looks like they are trying to clear something from their lungs and be lethargic and generally sick looking)
What is the main concern when grower/finisher pigs have Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or circovirus infections?
(Both limit growth)
(T/F) Salmonella is more of a concern in growers/finishers compared to piglets and nursery pigs.
(T)
Where will you see porcine circovirus dermatitis lesions at the beginning stages of the disease?
(At the hind end, then will migrate across the back of the pig)
Where are pityriasis rosea lesions typically found on pigs and how do you treat them?
(Usually found on the ventrum, no tx bc pigs will grow out of it)
Ringworm in grower/finisher pigs is typically treated with diluted bleach, what other skin disease is treated similarly in nursery pigs?
(Greasy pig disease)
How can you distinguish between mite and fly bites?
(Mite bite lesions will be widely distributed over the pig whereas fly bite lesions will not be)
Boars can have overuse issues so normally semen is collected how many times maximum in a week?
(2-3)
