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Histology - Exam 3 > Tooth, Tongue, Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Tooth, Tongue, Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

composition of teeth

A

internal soft tissue (pulp) and 3 calcified tissues: enamel and cementum (surface layer), and dentin (b/w surface layer and pulp)

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2
Q

what are the calcified dental tissues made of?

A

calcium hydroxyappatite

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3
Q

what is the crown covered by?

A

enamel

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4
Q

what is the root covered by?

A

cementum

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5
Q

what is the cervix?

A

region where the 2 surface materials meet

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6
Q

composition of enamel

A

highly calcified matrix composed of 2 fibrous high MW glycoproteins - enamelin and amelogen

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7
Q

what is enamel produced by?

A

ameloblasts during crown formation

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8
Q

why do adults not produce more enamel?

A

no longer have active ameloblasts

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9
Q

enamel after tooth eruption?

A

acellular - cannot repair itself

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10
Q

what does dentin surround?

A

central pulp chamber and pulp (root) canal

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11
Q

composition of dentin

A

calcified matrix containing collagen fibers

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12
Q

production of dentin

A

made by odontoblasts, which remain and continue to produce dentin

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13
Q

where are odontoblasts located?

A

periphery of pulp - send cytoplasmic extensions (odontoblastic processes) into tunnel-like spaces (dentinal tubules) w/i dentin

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14
Q

how is any stimulation of the nerves in the pulp chamber interpreted?

A

as pain

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15
Q

composition of cementum

A

collagen-containing calcified matrix

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16
Q

what produces cementum?

A

cementoblasts

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17
Q

what are cementocytes?

A

cells that send processes w/i canaliculi towards the periodontal ligament

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18
Q

cellular cementum

A

apical region of cementum - contains cementocytes within lacunae

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19
Q

acellular cementum

A

coronal region of cementum - NO cementocytes

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20
Q

where are cementoblasts found?

A

both cellular and acellular cementum

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21
Q

cementoblast function

A

continuously produce cementum after tooth eruption to compensate for the decrease in tooth length that results from enamel abrasion

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22
Q

dental pulp composition

A
  • gelatinous CT w/ odontoblasts in the peripheral layer (closest to dentin)
  • fibroblasts
  • mesenchymal cells
  • thin collagen fibers
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23
Q

describe blood supply of dental pulp

A

richly vascularized

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24
Q

innervation of dental pulp

A
  • sympathetic vasomotor - control blood vessel luminal diamenet
  • sensory
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25
Q

periodontal ligament

A

dental supporting structure - consists of dense irregular CT b/w root cementum and bony alveolus (alveolar bone proper)

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26
Q

collagen fiber arrangement in periodontal ligament

A

principal fiber bundles - extend from cementum to bone and suspend tooth in its alveolus

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27
Q

function of principal fiber bundles

A

absorb and counteract chewing forces

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28
Q

describe perfusion and innervation of periodontal ligament

A

abundant nerve and vascular supply

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29
Q

gingivae epithelium

A

stratified squamous parakeratinized to keratinized epithelium

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30
Q

composition/arrangement of gingivae

A
  • has dense irregular CT
  • collagen arranged in 5 principal fiber bundles
  • similar to periodontal ligament
31
Q

how does gingivae attach to enamel surface?

A

via hemidesmosomes

32
Q

alveolar bone composition

A
  • inner layer = cribriform plate
  • outer layer of compact bone = cortical plate
  • intervening layer of trabecular bone = spongiosa
33
Q

what is the sulcus terminalis?

A

V-shaped depression that divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

34
Q

foramen cecum

A

shallow pit at the end of the apex of the sulcus terminalis

35
Q

covering of dorsal surface of tongue?

A

stratified squamous parakeratinized to keratinized epithelium

36
Q

covering of ventral surface of tongue?

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

37
Q

what do both ventral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue have?

A

lamina propria and submucosa of dense irregular collagenous CT

38
Q

what constitutes the bulk of lingual tissue?

A

muscular core

39
Q

where are lingual papillae located?

A

dorsal surface of anterior 2/3 of tongue

40
Q

four types of lingual papillae?

A
  • filiform
  • fungiform
  • foliate
  • circumvallate
41
Q

filiform papillae

A
  • short and narrow
  • highly keratinized
  • pointed
  • project above the tongue surface
42
Q

fungiform papillae

A
  • mushroom shaped
  • project above tongue surface
  • interspersed among filiform papillae
  • occasionally have taste buds
43
Q

foliate papillae

A
  • shallow
  • longitudinal furrows
  • located on tongue lateral aspect
44
Q

circumvallate papillae

A
  • large and circular
  • each one surrounded by moat-like furrow
  • 10-15 total
  • distributed in V-pattern just anterior to sulcus terminalis
45
Q

taste buds

A

intraepithelial sensory organs - each consisting of 60-80 spindle-shaped cells

46
Q

four cell types in taste buds

A
  • dark cell = type 1
  • light cell = type 2
  • intermediate cell = type 3
  • basal cell = type 4
47
Q

average lifespan of cells in taste bud

A

10 days

48
Q

proposed relationship of cell types in taste buds

A

basal cells give rise to dark cells, which become light cells, which turn into intermediate cells, then die

49
Q

specialization of taste buds

A

each taste bud specializes in 2 of 4 tastes

50
Q

salte and sour tastes

A

due to specific ion channels in cells

51
Q

bitter and sweet tastes

A

due to specific membrane receptors

52
Q

what specific receptors detect bitter substances?

A

TAS2R

53
Q

what detects savory tastes? how?

A

umami - detects carboxylate ion on glutamic acid - monosodium glutamate

54
Q

what is loss of taste called?

A

ageusia

55
Q

what is partial loss of taste called?

A

dysgeusia

56
Q

what can cause partial or complete loss of taste?

A

infections, radiation treatment, chemicals, head injury

57
Q

function of lingual salivary glands?

A

minor salivary glands that deliver serous secretion into furrow surrounding each papilla and assist taste buds in perceiving stimuli

58
Q

what are the glands of von Ebner?

A

glands that secrete serous fluid with lipases into the groove by cirumvallate papillae

59
Q

composition of tongue muscular core

A
  • bundles of skeletal muscle fibers which cross each other in 3 planes
  • numerous minor salivary glands interspersed
60
Q

3 paired exocrine glands that make up the salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

61
Q

parotid gland

A
  • serous acini

- 28 grams

62
Q

submandibular gland

A
  • serous and mucous acini - mixed

- 7-8 grams

63
Q

sublingual gland

A
  • mainly mucous with serous demilunes

- 2 grams

64
Q

functions of salivary glands

A

make and secrete lysozyme, amylase, lactoferrin, and secretory component for IgA

65
Q

description of branching of salivary glands

A

compound tubuloalveolar - may be serous or mixed mucoserous

66
Q

composition of salivary glands

A

dense irregular CT capsule surrounds gland

67
Q

what divides salivary glands into lobes and lobules?

A

septa containing excretory ducts

68
Q

approximately how much saliva does an average person produce in a day?

A

1.5 L/day

69
Q

why do you not easily get infections when you get cuts in the mouth?

A

lysozome and lactoferrin in saliva = antibacterials

70
Q

salivary gland acini description

A
  • serous and mucous cells arranged around a central lumen

- connects to intercalated duct

71
Q

where does the intercalated duct lead?

A

into striated, intralobular ducts

72
Q

what may intercalated duct cells secrete and absorb?

A

secrete bicarbonate and absorb chloride ions

73
Q

what may mucous acini have?

A

serous demilunes

74
Q

what aids in saliva secretion?

A

myoepithelial cells near basal lamina

Histology - Exam 3 (12 decks)

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