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Histology - Exam 3 > Male Reproductive System - Part 2 > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what ducts make up the intratesticular genital ducts?

A
  • tubuli recti
  • rete testis
  • efferent ductules
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2
Q

tubuli recti

A
  • short, straight tubules
  • initially lined only by Sertoli cells
  • changes to simple cuboidal epithelium w/ microvilli and single cilium
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3
Q

rete testis

A
  • plexus of anastamosing channels lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
  • many cells w/ single luminal cilium
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4
Q

efferent ductules

A
  • 10-20 tubules leading from rete testis to ductus epididymis
  • thin circular layer of smooth muscle under epithelium basal lamina
  • lined w/ “pseudostratified columnar” of alternating clusters of nonciliated cuboidal cells and ciliated columnar cells
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5
Q

function of nonciliated cells in efferent ductules

A

absorb fluid secreted by seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

what are the excretory genital ducts?

A
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • urethra
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7
Q

epididymis description

A
  • smooth muscle circular layers - peristaltic contractions move sperm toward ductus deferens
  • lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ 2 cell types: basal cells and principal cells
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8
Q

basal cells of epididymis

A
  • round
  • appear undifferentiated
  • precursors of principal cells
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9
Q

principal cells of epididymis

A
  • columnar
  • nonmotile stereocilia on luminal surface
  • cytoplasm contains large Golgi complex, lysosomes, many apically located pinocytic and coated vesicles
  • fluid resorption?
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10
Q

what do principal cells of epididymis secrete (3 things) and function?

A

carnitine, sialic acid, glycerophosphocholine

-probably inhibits capacitation (where sperm becomes capable of fertilizing an oocyte)

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11
Q

ductus (vas) deferens

A
  • thick muscular wall: inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle separated by a middle circular layer
  • narrow, irregular lumen
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium (similar to ductus epididymis)
  • ends in prostatic urethra
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12
Q

seminal vesicles

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • extensively folded mucosa
  • yellow lipochrome pigment granules
  • secretory granules
  • lamina propria: fibroelastic CT w/ inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle
  • adventitia: fibroelastic CT
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13
Q

what causes changes in height of seminal vesicle epithelium?

A

testosterone levels

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14
Q

secretory product of seminal vesicles

A

viscous fluid containing substances that activate sperm - makes up 70% of human ejaculate

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15
Q

energy source for sperm motility?

A

fructose (from seminal vesicle secretions)

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16
Q

ejaculatory duct

A
  • straight continuation of ductus deferens
  • receives duct of seminal vesicle
  • NO muscular wall
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17
Q

where does ejaculatory duct end?

A

-enters prostate gland and terminates in a slit on colliculus seminalis in prostatis urethra

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18
Q

prostate gland - location

A

surrounds urethra as it exits the urinary bladder

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19
Q

prostate gland composition

A

30-50 discrete, branched tubuloalveolar glands arranged in 3 concentric layers around urethra: mucosal, submucosal, and main

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20
Q

function of tubuloalveolar glands of prostate

A

empty contents, via excretory ducts, into prostatic urethra

21
Q

3 layers of glands in prostate and differences in function?

A
  • mucosal: secrete directly into urethra

- submucosal and main: secrete into ducts that empty into prostatic sinus

22
Q

what surrounds prostate?

A

fibroelastic capsule w/ smooth muscle

23
Q

how is the prostate divided into lobes?

A

septa from capsule penetrate gland and divide it

24
Q

epithelium of prostate

A
  • simple or pseudostratified columnar (may have patches of cuboidal or squamous)
  • cells have numerous lysosomes and secretory granules
25
Q

what do basal cells of prostate epithelium produce and why is this clinically relevant?

A

high MW keratin - differences in high MW keratin expression are diagnostic for normal vs. hyperplastic vs. neoplastic prostate

26
Q

corpora amylacia

A
  • glycoprotein concretions in lumen of alveoli
  • may become calcified
  • increase w/ age
27
Q

prostatic secretion

A

thin fluid containing:

  • proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysin)
  • citric acid
  • acid phosphatase
  • lipids
28
Q

what is prostatic secretion regulated by?

A

dihydrotestosterone

29
Q

where are bulbourethral/cowper’s glands located and where do they empty into?

A

adjacent to membranous urethra + empty into urethra lumen

30
Q

bulbourethral glands: lining, what surrounds them, what do they secrete?

A
  • lined by simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
  • fibroelastic capsule w/ smooth and skeletal muscle
  • mucous secreting
31
Q

corpora cavernosa of penis

A
  • paired masses of erectile tissue
  • contain irregular vascular spaces lined by continuous layer of endothelium
  • spaces separated by CT trabeculae and smooth muscle
32
Q

how do the vascular spaces in the corpora cavernosa change w/ location?

A

spaces decrease in size towards periphery

33
Q

what happens during erection?

A

parasympathetic impulses constrict arteriovenous shunts -> dilate helicine arteries -> vascular spaces become engorged with blood

34
Q

corpus spongiosum of penis

A
  • single mass of erectile tissue
  • contains uniform size vascular spaces throughout
  • trabeculae w/ more elastic fibers and less smooth muscle than corpora cavernosa
35
Q

tunica albuginea of penis

A
  • thick fibrous connective sheath

- surrounds corpora cavernosa and spongiosum

36
Q

what permits extension of penis during erection?

A

dense collagen bundles in tunica albuginea

37
Q

glans penis

A
  • dilated distal end of corpus spongiosum
  • contains dense CT and longitudinal muscle fibers
  • covered by prepuce
38
Q

lining of prepuce

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

39
Q

glands of littre

A

mucus secreting glands throughout the length of penile urethra

40
Q

cryptorchidism

A
  • developmental defect

- testes fail to descend into scrotum

41
Q

why does cryptorchidism result in sterility?

A

temperature of undescended testes (i.e, normal body temp) inhibits spermatogenesis

42
Q

how does cryptorchidism affect testosterone production?

A

it doesn’t

43
Q

cryptorchidism and cancer?

A

associated w/ higher incidence of testicular malignancy than in normally descended testes

44
Q

can cryptorchidism be corrected?

A

yes, surgically - usually b/w 5-7 y/o

-but affected individuals produce abnormal sperm

45
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A
  • excess # of X chromosomes (most often XXY)
  • tall, thin stature
  • some mental retardation
  • small testes
  • elevated gonadotropin levels
  • infertility
46
Q

what are developmental defects in Klinefelter’s syndrome regulated by?

A

SRY gene - sex-determining region Y

  • male phenotype but XX genotype, or
  • female w/ XY or XXY genotype
47
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

hereditary disorder marked by immotile cilia syndrome that results in infertility in men (defect in dynein)

48
Q

hypospadia

A

urethra does not develop properly - may open near base of penis

Histology - Exam 3 (12 decks)

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