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Patient Care 3 > TOOTH STAINS > Flashcards

TOOTH STAINS Flashcards

1
Q

Mode of Attachment
(3)

A
  • Can adhere directly to the tooth surface
  • Can be contained within plaque and calculus
  • Can be incorporated into tooth structures
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2
Q

TWO TYPES OF STAINS

A

EXTRINSIC:
INTRINSIC:

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3
Q

EXTRINSIC:

A

surface stain

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4
Q

INTRINSIC:

A

stain occurring
within the tooth

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5
Q

Exogenous:

A

caused by
factors external to the
tooth (extrinsic OR
intrinsic stains)

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6
Q

Endogenous:

A

caused
by factors within the
tooth (always intrinsic)

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7
Q

Do tooth stains cause disease?

A

No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases within the oral cavity and
therefore, removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only

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8
Q

Yellow Stains
(4)

A
  • Common in all ages
  • Associated with plaque accumulation
  • Typically related to poor oral hygiene
  • Source is typically food pigments
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9
Q

Green Stains
* color
* Found where
* Typically noted on
* Sometimes covered by
* Dark green stain may become incorporated into
* Caused by (4)

A

Light to dark
within plaque
facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
materia alba or grayish debris
tooth structure
chromo-genic bacteria (color-producing bacteria), tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor oral hygiene

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10
Q

Black-line Stains
Found along
Fine line that can be
Can appear black at
Attached via
Made up of
Common in
After removal…

A

cervical third near gingival margin
continuous or interrupted
pits/fissures
pellicle structure
microorganisms (gram + rods)
women and children
Reforms after removal

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11
Q

Tobacco Stains
* color
* Diffuse staining of —; sometimes
incorporated into —
* Heavier deposits (especially chewing
tobacco) can become
* Frequently noticed on
* Composed of

A

Light brown to dark black
plaque, calculus
intrinsic staining
lingual aspects of teeth
tar products

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12
Q

Other
Brown
Stains
(3)

A
  • Stannous fluoride
  • Anti-plaque agents
  • Betel leaf
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13
Q

Orange or Red Stain
* Often appears at
* — occurrence
* Etiology:

A

cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
rare
chromogenic bacteria

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14
Q

Intrinsic
Stains
(4)

A

Drug-induced (tetracycline)
Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic
pulp/pulpless tooth)
Restorative materials
Tooth development (fluorosis,
hypoplasia, genetics)

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15
Q

What does
polishing do?
(4)

A
  • Removes extrinsic stain and plaque
  • Smooth out the tooth surface
  • Improves esthetic appearance
  • Aids in prepping the tooth prior to
    bonding
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16
Q

What effect does polishing
have on teeth?
(2)

A
  • Removes fluoride-rich enamel layer
  • Abrades dentin/cementum
17
Q

Negatives of Polishing
(4)

A

Aerosol production
Bacteremia Produces heat
Tooth surface abrasion
Tissue trauma

18
Q

Contraindications
of Polishing
(7)

A

No extrinsic stain
Hypersensitivity
Decalcified/carious lesion
Cementum/dentin exposure
Fixed crowns (zirconia, gold, etc. require a
specialty paste)
Newly erupted teeth
Gingival or periodontal inflammation (do not
polish after scaling/root planing!)

19
Q

Rate of Abrasion
(4)

A
  • Quantity (more particles applied = faster rate of abrasion)
  • Speed of application (higher speed of handpiece=faster rate of abrasion)
  • Pressure applied (greater the pressure=faster rate of abrasion)
  • Quality of abrasives (dry abrasives are contraindicated)
20
Q

Polishing Agents
(used in the lab)
(3)

A
  • Pumice (coarse or laboratory grade)
  • Rouge (iron oxide)
  • Emery (corundum)
21
Q

Polishing Agents
(used intra-orally for stain removal)
(3)

A
  • Pumice (flour of pumice, FFF)
  • Silicon dioxide
  • Tin oxide (good for gold)
22
Q

Composition
of Prophy
Paste
(6)

A

Abrasives (50-60%)
Water (10-20%)
Humectant (20-24%)
Binder (1.5-2%)
Sweetener
Flavoring

23
Q

Variety of
Prophy Paste

A

Fine, medium, coarse grit are available

24
Q

What do you
need to polish?
(6)

A
  • Slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter
  • Disposable prophy angle
  • Prophy paste
  • Saliva ejector
  • Air/water syringe
  • 2x2 gauze
25
Q

skipped
How to Polish Teeth
(5)

A

Fill rubber cup with
prophy paste
1
Apply paste to 2-3
teeth
2
Engage rheostat with
foot, then apply rubber
cup to tooth surfaces
for 1-2 seconds
3
Use a patting or
intermittent stroke
4
Apply slight pressure to
flare rubber cup into
subgingival sulcus and
interproximal region,
just slightly
5

26
Q

Polishing Stroke
(3)

A

Divide tooth into thirds
1
Apply cup with moderate pressure
at cervical areas and sweep off
tooth toward incisal/occlusal edges
2
Stroke should be intermittent; do
not keep cup on tooth as excess
heat will be generated and can
cause burns on gingival margin
3

27
Q

Use — handpiece speed

A

slowest

28
Q

Use — abrasive prophy paste

A

least

29
Q

— teeth after polishing to remove any remaining plaque/prophy paste debris

A

Floss

30
Q

Bristle brushes are available to polish/remove plaque from — surfaces

A

occlusal

Patient Care 3 (25 decks)

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