TOOTH STAINS Flashcards
Mode of Attachment
(3)
- Can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- Can be contained within plaque and calculus
- Can be incorporated into tooth structures
TWO TYPES OF STAINS
EXTRINSIC:
INTRINSIC:
EXTRINSIC:
surface stain
INTRINSIC:
stain occurring
within the tooth
Exogenous:
caused by
factors external to the
tooth (extrinsic OR
intrinsic stains)
Endogenous:
caused
by factors within the
tooth (always intrinsic)
Do tooth stains cause disease?
No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases within the oral cavity and
therefore, removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only
Yellow Stains
(4)
- Common in all ages
- Associated with plaque accumulation
- Typically related to poor oral hygiene
- Source is typically food pigments
Green Stains
* color
* Found where
* Typically noted on
* Sometimes covered by
* Dark green stain may become incorporated into
* Caused by (4)
Light to dark
within plaque
facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
materia alba or grayish debris
tooth structure
chromo-genic bacteria (color-producing bacteria), tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor oral hygiene
Black-line Stains
Found along
Fine line that can be
Can appear black at
Attached via
Made up of
Common in
After removal…
cervical third near gingival margin
continuous or interrupted
pits/fissures
pellicle structure
microorganisms (gram + rods)
women and children
Reforms after removal
Tobacco Stains
* color
* Diffuse staining of —; sometimes
incorporated into —
* Heavier deposits (especially chewing
tobacco) can become
* Frequently noticed on
* Composed of
Light brown to dark black
plaque, calculus
intrinsic staining
lingual aspects of teeth
tar products
Other
Brown
Stains
(3)
- Stannous fluoride
- Anti-plaque agents
- Betel leaf
Orange or Red Stain
* Often appears at
* — occurrence
* Etiology:
cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
rare
chromogenic bacteria
Intrinsic
Stains
(4)
Drug-induced (tetracycline)
Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic
pulp/pulpless tooth)
Restorative materials
Tooth development (fluorosis,
hypoplasia, genetics)
What does
polishing do?
(4)
- Removes extrinsic stain and plaque
- Smooth out the tooth surface
- Improves esthetic appearance
- Aids in prepping the tooth prior to
bonding
What effect does polishing
have on teeth?
(2)
- Removes fluoride-rich enamel layer
- Abrades dentin/cementum
Negatives of Polishing
(4)
Aerosol production
Bacteremia Produces heat
Tooth surface abrasion
Tissue trauma
Contraindications
of Polishing
(7)
No extrinsic stain
Hypersensitivity
Decalcified/carious lesion
Cementum/dentin exposure
Fixed crowns (zirconia, gold, etc. require a
specialty paste)
Newly erupted teeth
Gingival or periodontal inflammation (do not
polish after scaling/root planing!)
Rate of Abrasion
(4)
- Quantity (more particles applied = faster rate of abrasion)
- Speed of application (higher speed of handpiece=faster rate of abrasion)
- Pressure applied (greater the pressure=faster rate of abrasion)
- Quality of abrasives (dry abrasives are contraindicated)
Polishing Agents
(used in the lab)
(3)
- Pumice (coarse or laboratory grade)
- Rouge (iron oxide)
- Emery (corundum)
Polishing Agents
(used intra-orally for stain removal)
(3)
- Pumice (flour of pumice, FFF)
- Silicon dioxide
- Tin oxide (good for gold)
Composition
of Prophy
Paste
(6)
Abrasives (50-60%)
Water (10-20%)
Humectant (20-24%)
Binder (1.5-2%)
Sweetener
Flavoring
Variety of
Prophy Paste
Fine, medium, coarse grit are available
What do you
need to polish?
(6)
- Slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter
- Disposable prophy angle
- Prophy paste
- Saliva ejector
- Air/water syringe
- 2x2 gauze
skipped
How to Polish Teeth
(5)
Fill rubber cup with
prophy paste
1
Apply paste to 2-3
teeth
2
Engage rheostat with
foot, then apply rubber
cup to tooth surfaces
for 1-2 seconds
3
Use a patting or
intermittent stroke
4
Apply slight pressure to
flare rubber cup into
subgingival sulcus and
interproximal region,
just slightly
5
Polishing Stroke
(3)
Divide tooth into thirds
1
Apply cup with moderate pressure
at cervical areas and sweep off
tooth toward incisal/occlusal edges
2
Stroke should be intermittent; do
not keep cup on tooth as excess
heat will be generated and can
cause burns on gingival margin
3
Use — handpiece speed
slowest
Use — abrasive prophy paste
least
— teeth after polishing to remove any remaining plaque/prophy paste debris
Floss
Bristle brushes are available to polish/remove plaque from — surfaces
occlusal
