Sugar & Other Sweeteners

Question 1

People enjoy
Sugar-
-FIRST RECORDED SWEETENER EVER
USED WAS —

Answer 1

SWEETENERS ARE
SUGARS/SUBSTANCES ADDED TO
FOODS AND BEVERAGES THAT
PROVIDE A PLEASURABLE TASTE

HONEY

Question 2

However…
* Substantial research
implicates sugars and all
fermentable carbohydrates
as principal dietary
substances that

Answer 2

promote
caries formation

Question 3

Polyols as
Sweeteners
* Polyols =

Answer 3

sugar alcohols
* 40% of the caloric
content of sucrose
* Physical characteristics
similar to sucrose
* Not great in baking

Question 4

Types of Polyols
*Sorbitol
* Occurs naturally in —
* Only half as sweet as —
* Considered noncariogenic, however, it is slowly fermented by —
* Shown to be cariogenic in patients with decreased —
* Can cause — if large quantities digested

Answer 4

fruits and berries
sucrose
S.
mutans
salivary
gland function
GI issues

Question 5

Types of Polyols
*Mannitol
* Naturally occurring polyol found in —
* Virtually no cariogenic activity due to —
* Used as a (2)

Answer 5

seaweed
slow metabolization from
oral microorganisms
dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in
powdered foods

Question 6

Types of Polyols
*Xylitol
* Naturally occurring —
* — by oral bacteria and exhibits antibacterial
properties
* Produced commercially from (3)
* Sweetness approximates that of sucrose; however, it is —
* Primarily used in —

Answer 6

caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol
Nonfermentable
birch trees, corncobs and the
waste from sugarcane
10x more
costly to produce
chewing gum, mints, mouthrinses, toothpaste,
and sometimes found in syrup and candy

Question 7

Xylitol as an Antibacterial
*Decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in
*Reduces the volume and amount of supragingival plaque
due to
*Promotes the selection of
*Stimulates

Answer 7

dental plaque pH
a reduced production of extracellular
polysaccharides and biofilm matrix
xylitol-resistant mutans
streptococci
salivary secretion

Question 8

Guidelines for Patient-based Caries
Management with Xylitol
(5)

Answer 8

*Recommend using xylitol-containing products in addition
to daily fluoride exposure
*At least 5g of xylitol per day needed to achieve optimum
therapeutic effect on S. mutans
*Daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 disease with
exposure time = 5-10 minutes with each dose
*Xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow should
be recommended
*Products should ideally have xylitol as the single sweetener

Question 9

Tell your patients…
*When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it
known to patients that xylitol is highly toxic to dogs
* Causes rapid/severe increase of
* Higher amounts of — can lead to death

Answer 9

insulin productions and leads to
hypoglycemia

xylitol

Question 10

Amount of Xylitol
in Gum
* Epic gum:
* Ice Cubes:
* Trident:
* Orbit:

Answer 10

1.06g xylitol per piece
1.15g xylitol per piece
0.17g xylitol per piece
0.009g-0.3g xylitol per piece
(depends on flavor)

Question 11

Intense Sweeteners
*Steveoside (Stevia)
* Natural sweetener extracted from
* — times sweeter than table sugar
* — stable (good for baking)
* Supports the prevention of —

Answer 11

the leaves of a shrub found in
South America
100-300
Heat
caries

Question 12

Intense Sweeteners
*Saccharin
* —- times sweeter than sucrose
* Nonnutritive and —
* Oldest artificial sweetener used in the — (Sweet ‘N’ Low)
* Used as a sweetener in some —

Answer 12

200-700
noncariogenic
US
toothpastes

Question 13

Intense Sweeteners
* Aspartame
* — times sweeter than sucrose
* Soft drinks account for more than —% of aspartame consumption
* FDA requires foods containing aspartame have the following label:

Answer 13

200
70
PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

Question 14

Intense Sweeteners
* Sucralose
* —, nonnutritive sweetener that is — times sweeter than
sucrose
* Poorly absorbed and is largely —
* No — risks posed to humans

Answer 14

Noncariogenic, 600
excreted in the feces and urine,
unchanged
carcinogenic