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My Packs: HOSA (Dental) > Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Tooth Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is tooth morphology?

A

The study of the form and structure of teeth

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2
Q

Define dentition

A

Natural teeth in position

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3
Q

What is the natural dentition?

A

Two arches:
Maxillary arch
Mandibular arch

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4
Q

The maxillary arch is the _____ arch and the mandibular arch is the _____ arch

A

Upper

Lower

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5
Q

Each arch has the _________ number of teeth

A

Identical

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6
Q

Which are is fixed and which arch is movable?

A

Maxillary arch is fixed

Mandibular arch is movable

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7
Q

When in proper alignment the teeth in the maxillary arch slightly _______ the mandibular teeth

A

Overlap

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8
Q

Dental arches are divided in two halves by an imaginary line known as the:

A

Midline

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9
Q

The midline creates two sections called:

A

Quadrants (Dental Quadrants)

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10
Q

How many quadrants are there?

A

4

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11
Q

How many teeth are found in each quadrant?

A

8

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12
Q

Are teeth arranged identically in each quadrant?

A

Identically

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13
Q

What can dentition also be divided into?

A

Sextants or sixths

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14
Q

What is the arrangement of sextants/sixths in each arch?

A

Two posterior sextants and one anterior sextant

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15
Q

The anterior sextant is made of ___ front teeth

A

Six

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16
Q

The primary (_________) have similar names to _________ _____

A

Deciduous

Permanent teeth

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17
Q

How many teeth are in deciduous dentition?

A

20

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18
Q

How many teeth are in each arch in deciduous dentition?

A

10

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19
Q

How many teeth are in each quadrant in deciduous dentition?

A

5

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20
Q

What is the first tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?

A

Central incisor

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21
Q

What is function of the central incisor in deciduous dentition?

A

Used to cut or bite the food that is ingested

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22
Q

What is the second tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?

A

Lateral incisory

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23
Q

What is the function of the lateral incisory in deciduous dentition?

A

Used for cutting

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24
Q

What is the third tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?

A

Canine

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25
Q

What is the canine teeth also called?

A

Cuspid

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26
Q

What is the function of the cuspid in deciduous dentition?

A

Bulkier in size and aids in tearing food

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27
Q

what is the proceeding two teeth in deciduous dentition called?

A

Molars

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28
Q

What is the function of the molars in deciduous dentition?

A

Chew food

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29
Q

The first molar is ________ to the midline

A

Closest

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30
Q

What is the difference between deciduous and permanent dentition?

A

Deciduous dentition:
Identical number of central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines to permanent dentition
Has no premolars
One less molar per quadrant

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31
Q

What is the permanent dentition in adults?

A

32 permanent teeth
16 in each arch
8 in each quadrant

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32
Q

Where are premolars found?

A

Directly after canines

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33
Q

What are premolars also called?

A

Bicuspuids

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34
Q

What is the function of premolars in permanent dentition?

A

Pulverize food

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35
Q

How many premolars are in each quadrant?

A

2

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36
Q

Anterior teeth are toward the _____ of the mouth from ______ to ______

A

Front
Cuspid
Cuspid

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37
Q

What are characteristics of anterior teeth?

A

Have single roots

A cutting or tearing edge called the incisal edge

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38
Q

What is the cutting or tearing edge in anterior teeth called?

A

Incisal edge

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39
Q

What are posterior teeth?

A

Located in the back of the mouth in either arch

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40
Q

What are the posterior teeth in deciduous and permanent dentition?

A 
Deciduous dentition:
Molars
Permanent dentition:
Premolars
Molars
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41
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Central Incisor (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 6-10
Exfoliation date: 6-7
Maxillary order: #1

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42
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Lateral incisor (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 9-12
Exfoliation date: 7-8
Maxillary order: #2

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43
Q

Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Canine (Maxillary)

A

Eruption date: 16-22
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Maxillary order: #4

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44
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
First molar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 12-18
Exfoliation date: 9-11
Maxillary order: #3

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45
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Second molar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 24-32
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Maxillary order: #5

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46
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Central incisor (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 6-10
Exfoliation date: 6-7
Mandibular order: #1

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47
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Lateral incisor (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 7-10
Exfoliation date: 7-8
Mandibular order: #2

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48
Q

Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Canine (Mandibular)

A

Eruption date: 16-22
Exfoliation date: 9-12
Mandibular order: #4

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49
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
First molar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 12-18
Exfoliation date: 9-11
Mandibular order: #3

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50
Q 
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Second molar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 20-32
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Mandibular order: #5

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51
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Central incisor (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 7-8

Order of eruption: #2

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52
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Lateral incisor (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 8-9

Order of eruption: #3

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53
Q

Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:

Canine (Maxillary)

A

Eruption date: 11-12

Order of eruption: #6

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54
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First premolar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 10-11

Order of eruption: #4

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55
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second premolar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 11-12

Order of eruption: #5

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56
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First molar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 6-7

Order of eruption: #1

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57
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second molar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 12-13

Order of eruption: #7

58
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Third molar (Maxillary)
A

Eruption date: 17-21

Order of eruption: #8

59
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Central incisor (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 6-7

Order of eruption: #2

60
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Lateral incisor (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 7-8

Order of eruption: #3

61
Q

Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:

Cuspid (Mandibular)

A

Eruption date: 9-10

Order of eruption: #4

62
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First premolar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 10-11

Order of eruption: #5

63
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second premolar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 11-12

Order of eruption: #6

64
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First molar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 6-7

Order of eruption: #1

65
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second molar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 11-13

Order of eruption: #7

66
Q 
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Third molar (Mandibular)
A

Eruption date: 17-21

Order of eruption: #8

67
Q

What are the two parts of each tooth?

A

Crown

Root

68
Q

What is the crown described as?

A

Anatomical

Clinical

69
Q

What is the anatomical crown?

A

The portion of the tooth which is covered by the enamel

70
Q

What is the anatomical root?

A

The portion covered with cementum

71
Q

What is the clinical root?

A

The portion of the root seen in the oral cavity (E.x. where the gingiva has receded)

72
Q

What is the clinical crown?

A

The portion of the crown that is visible in the mouth

73
Q

All teeth have ____ surfaces on the crown portion

74
Q

What are the five surfaces of the anterior teeth?

A 
Mesial
Distal
Labial
Lingual
Incisal edge
75
Q

Define the mesial surface (anterior teeth)

A

Surface toward the midline

76
Q

Define the distal surface (anterior teeth)

A

Surface away from the midline

77
Q

Define the labial surface (anterior teeth)

A

“Outside” surface on anterior teeth, toward the lips

78
Q

Define the lingual surface (anterior teeth)

A

“Inside” surface, toward the tongue

79
Q

What is the lingual side on the maxillary arch referred to as?

A

Palatal surface

80
Q

Define the incisal edge (anterior teeth)

A

The biting or cutting edge

81
Q

What are the 5 surfaces of the posterior teeth?

A 
Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Buccal
Occlusal
82
Q

Define the mesial surface (posterior teeth)

A

Surface towards the midline

83
Q

Define the distal surface (posterior teeth)

A

Surface away from the midline

84
Q

Define the lingual surface (posterior teeth)

A

“Inside” surface, toward the tongue

85
Q

Define the buccal surface (posterior teeth)

A

“Outside” surface on posterior teeth, which is toward the cheek

86
Q

Define the occlusal surface (posterior teeth)

A

Pulverizing or chewing surface

87
Q

How are tooth surfaces further identified?

A

By dividing them into approximate thirds

88
Q

Define the incisal third

A

Area on the crown of the tooth that is nearest the incisal edge on the anterior tooth

89
Q

Define the occlusal third

A

Occlusal surface of the posterior tooth

90
Q

Define the cervical third

A

Area on the crown of the tooth that is closest to the cervical area (or to the gingiva)

91
Q

Define the middle third

A

Area between the incisal third and the cervical third

92
Q

Define the apical third of the root

A

The area nearest the apex as the apical third

93
Q

Define the cervical third of the root

A

The area nearest the crown of the tooth

94
Q

Define the middle third of the root

A

The area between the apical third of the root and cervical third of the root

95
Q

What is the contact area?

A

Refers to where the proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch

96
Q

The proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch is the:

A

Contact area

97
Q

What is the embrasure?

A

Refers to the triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact

98
Q

What is the triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact called?

99
Q

What is a diastema?

A

A space of gap between teeth

100
Q

What is diastema most often used?

A

In reference to the “front teeth” maxillary central incisors

101
Q

What is the apex?

A

At or near the end of the root

102
Q

What describes at or near the end of the root?

103
Q

What is a space/gap between teeth called?

104
Q

What is the apical foramen?

A

An opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter

105
Q

What is the opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter called?

A

Apical foramen

106
Q

True or false:

There is only one opening at the end of the root

107
Q

What does it mean when a root is bifurcated?

A

There are two roots on one tooth, and they are branched in two

108
Q

What is a buccal groove?

A

Linear depression forming a groove that extends from the middle of the buccal surface to the occlusal surface of the tooth

109
Q

A buccal groove is a linear depression forming a groove that extends from the ______ of the ______ _______ to the ________ _______ of the tooth

A

Middle
Buccal surface
Occlusal surface

110
Q

What is a central groove?

A

The most prominent developmental groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth

111
Q

True or false:

The central groove is the most prominent developmental groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth

112
Q

The central groove usually divides the occlusal surface from the ______ to the ______

A

Medial

Distal

113
Q

What is a cingulum?

A

Convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva

114
Q

What is the convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva called?

115
Q

What is a cusp?

A

Pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth

116
Q

What is a pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth called?

117
Q

What is the cusp of Carabelli?

A

Fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars

118
Q

What is the fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars called?

A

Cusp of Carabelli

119
Q

What is a developmental groove?

A

Groove formed by the uniting of lobes during development of the crown of the tooth

120
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Developmental groove resulting from an imperfect union where the lobes come together

121
Q

Where does decay often initiate?

A

Fissures, pits

122
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A shallow rounded or angular depression

123
Q

What is a furcation

A

Dividing point of a multirooted tooth

124
Q

What are lobes?

A

Separate parts that come together to form a tooth

125
Q

In molars, what do lobes often become?

126
Q

What are mamelons?

A

Three bulges on the incisal edge of the newly erupted central and lateral incisor

127
Q

Mamelons normally disappear due to what?

A

Normal wear

128
Q

What is a marginal groove?

A

The developmental groove that provides a spillway for food to escape during chewing

129
Q

What are marginal ridges?

A

Elevated area of enamel that forms the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth and the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth

130
Q

Marginal ridges are the elevated area of enamel that forms the ______ and ______ borders of the _______ surface of the ________ teeth and the ______ and ______ borders of the ________ surface of the _________ teeth

A 
Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Anterior
Mesial 
Distal
Occlusal 
Posterior
131
Q

What is an oblique ridge?

A

Elevated area of enamel that extends obliquely across the occlusal of the tooth

132
Q

Where does the oblique ridge go on the maxillary first molars?

A

Extends from the disto-buccal cusp to the mesiolingual cusp

133
Q

What is a pit?

A

Place where the grooves come together or the fissures cross

134
Q

What is a ridge?

A

Linear elevation of enamel found on the tooth

135
Q

What is a supplemental groove?

A

Shallow, linear groove that radiates from the developmental groove

136
Q

Supplemental grooves often gives the tooth surface a _________ look. These grooves do not denote major division of the tooth

137
Q

What is a transverse ridge?

A

Union of two triangular ridges that produces a single ridge of elevation across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth

138
Q

Transverse ridges occur on the ________ surface of a _________ tooth

A

Occlusal

Posterior

139
Q

What is a triangular ridge?

A

Ridge or an elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down to the middle area of the occlusal surface

140
Q

What is a ridge or an elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down to the middle area of the occlusal surface called?

A

Triangular ridge

141
Q

Trifurcated means:

A

Three roots coming from the main trunk of the tooth

My Packs: HOSA (Dental) (9 decks)

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