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My Packs: HOSA (Dental) > Oral Health and Nutrition > Flashcards

Oral Health and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of preventive dentistry?

A

Each individual maintains optimal oral health

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2
Q

What do effective habits in maintaining oral health include?(6)

A

Brushing and flossing daily(to remove plaque and bacteria), Periodically disclosing to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing and flossing, Seeing dentist for routine care, Following a fluoride program, Following a good nutrition and exercise program, Scheduling regular dental visits

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3
Q

What is dental plaque?

A

A sticky mass containing bacteria and grows in colonies on the teeth

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4
Q

Bacteria in plaque is fed by ____ in food and converts it into ____

A

Sugar, Acid

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5
Q

What does demineralization of teeth mean and what causes it?

A

Minerals, calcium, and phosphate are lost from the enamel surface caused by acid released by bacteria attacking teeth

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6
Q

What is it called when the minerals lost and replaced in the tooth?

A

Reminerlization

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7
Q

If plaque continues to attack the teeth after the demineralization, what happens?

A

Decay or caries

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8
Q

What is the formula for plaque formation?

A

Sugar + Plaque = Acid + Teeth = Decay

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9
Q

Ultimately, whose responsibility is it to prevent dental disease?

A

The Patient’s

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10
Q

What is the first step in patient motivation?

A

Assessing oral hygiene and listening to the patient

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11
Q

What do age characteristics comprise of?(5)

A

Age, oral hygiene knowledge, skills, attitude, and any special considerations

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12
Q

What is used to make plaque visible?

A

Disclosing agents

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13
Q

What is a dentifrice?

A

The toothpaste used with brushing and flossing for patient oral hygiene self-care

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14
Q

What can mouth rinses do?(3)

A

Reduce the total number of microorganisms in the mouth, may loosen debris and temporarily eliminate halitosis

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15
Q

How can chewing gum help with oral hygiene?(2)

A

Stimulate saliva, helps dislodge particles from the teeth

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16
Q

What are interdental aids used for?(2)

A

Used to aid in cleaning the area between the teeth and to stimulate the gingival tissue in that area

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17
Q

What is an interproximal brush?

A

A small hand-held brush with soft nylon bristles twisted in wire and adapted into a handle

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18
Q

How is a rubber/wooden dental stimulator used?

A

Placed in the interproximal area, angled toward the occlusal surface and rotated in circular pattern

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19
Q

What does the action of a rubber/wooden dental stimulator do?

A

Stimulate soft tissue and removes plaque in the area

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20
Q

What is a floss holder?

A

A Y-shaped device with a handle used by some individuals to hold floss tightly as it is placed into the interproximal area of the teeth and around the posterior end of the last tooth in each quadrant

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21
Q

What is used to remove plaque and debris from under fixed bridges, orthodontic wires, and retainers?

A

Floss threaders

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22
Q

What are water irrigation devices used for?

A

It flushes away debris from orthodontic brackets and other prosthetic devices

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23
Q

What is important to remember about water irrigation devices and mouth rinses?

A

It should not replace brushing and flossing, despite what advertisements may say

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24
Q

How many surfaces can a toothbrush clean?

A

3 out of 5

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25
Q

Which surface(s) can a toothbrush normally not clean?

A

The proximal tooth surfaces

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26
Q

What are the proximal tooth surfaces?

A

The surfaces between the teeth

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27
Q

What are the two types of toothbrushes?

A

Manual and Mechanical

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28
Q

What are manual toothbrushes powered by?

A

Human hand

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29
Q

What are mechanical toothbrushes powered by?

A

Electricity or electricity

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30
Q

What are the 3 parts of a manual toothbrush?

A

The head, shank and handle

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31
Q

Should a patient use lighter or heavier pressure when using a mechanical toothbrush?

A

Lighter pressure

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32
Q

What are the motions of a mechanical toothbrush?(6)

A

Reciprocating(back and forth), orbital(circle), vibratory(back and forth quickly), arched(arc), elliptical(oval), or a combination of two or more of these

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33
Q

What are water irrigation devices, floss holders and such known as?

A

Interdental Aids

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34
Q

What brushing techniques are there?(6)

A

Bass/Modified Bass, Charters, Modified Stillman, Rolling Stroke, Fones, Modified Scrub

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35
Q

Describe the Bass or Modified Bass Brushing Technique

A

Most popular in dental community, used to remove plaque next to and directly beneath gingival margin

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36
Q

Describe the Charters Brushing Technique

A

Used to loosen plaque and debris to stimulate both the marginal and interdental gingiva

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37
Q

Describe the Modified Stillman Brushing Technique

A

Designed to do a good overall cleaning, remove plaque, stimulate and massage the gingiva; Bristles are positioned to point toward the root of the tooth

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38
Q

Describe the Rolling Stroke Brushing Technique

A

Used to remove food debris and plaque from teeth and to stimulate the gingival tissue; Brush placed parallel to the tooth and bristles pointed apically

39
Q

Describe the Fones Technique

A

Used as an initial brushing method to achieve a good overall cleaning, easy to learn and perform

40
Q

Describe the Modified Scrub

A

Uses a scrubbing motion to remove plaque and stimulate the gingival tissue

41
Q

How is hygienic care done on a fixed bridge?

A

A fixed bridge that is anchored on both sides with a pontic in the middle; Won’t allow for normal flossing and thus requires special instructions on using floss threader to remove plaque and debris from under the bridge

42
Q

How is hygienic care done on implants(full and partial dentures)?

A

Carefully clean all removable dentures/appliances daily and rinse after meals or as needed

43
Q

What is used to brush implants/dentures/appliances?

A

A denture brush

44
Q

How is hygienic care done on orthodontic appliances?

A

through cleaning methods, the appliances must be kept plaque free, special orthodontic toothbrushes and aids can be used

45
Q

What needs to be considered in the oral hygiene of pregnant patients?

A

Pregnant patients often have nausea and regurgitation that brings acid from stomach all over the surface of teeth, requiring special dental hygiene techniques

46
Q

What needs to be considered in the oral hygiene of cancer patients?

A

Cancer patients can have loss of muscle function, gingival bleeding, rampant caries and xerostomia which may compromise the skills of good oral hygiene; The effects of the therapy can cause oral manifestations too

47
Q

What needs to be considered in the oral hygiene of heat disease patients?

A

Heart disease patients may have similar problems as cancer patients, due to medication and treatment

48
Q

What needs to be considered in the oral hygiene of older patients?

A

Older patient with arthritis may have difficulties in holding floss and toothbrush, may require toothbrushes with large, soft handles

49
Q

What nutrient will significantly reduce dental caries at optimum levels?

A

Fluoride

50
Q

What is fluoride essential for?

A

Formation of healthy bones

51
Q

Dental enamel contains ___ fluoride while carious teeth contain _______

A

0.01-0.02%, 0.0069%

52
Q

Where is fluoride absorbed?

A

Bloodstream

53
Q

When fluoride reaches the tooth, it replaces the _________ placed on the surface of the _________ in the enamel forming a _________

A

Hydroxyl ion, Apatite crystal, Fluoroapatite crystal

54
Q

Who first revealed that people with mottled enamel(discolorations) did not have as much dental decay?

A

Dr. G. V. Black and Dr. F. McKay

55
Q

What is mottled enamel?

A

Discoloration

56
Q

What is fluoridation?

A

The process of adding fluoride to the water supply

57
Q

What is diet?

A

The food the individual eats

58
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

A disorder resulting from being undernourished

59
Q

What is a nutrient?

A

Any chemical substance in food that provides the body tissues and structures with the elements necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair

60
Q

How many essential nutrients are required by the human body?

A

Forty plus

61
Q

How do we make sure the essential nutrients are obtained and the body’s metabolism is maintained?

A

Having a variety of foods daily

62
Q

Where do carbohydrates come from?

A

Fruits, grains, legumers(peas, beans and lentils), and some vegetable roots

63
Q

What do carbohydrates include?

A

Sugars, starches, and fibers

64
Q

What does cariogenic mean?

A

Foods that break down into simple sugars in the mouth that can be used by bacteria to cause dental caries

65
Q

Where do fibers in carbohydrates come from?

A

Fruits, vegetables, and grain food groups

66
Q

What is the difference between fats and lipids?

A

Fats encompass substances derived from a solid, Lipids are the oils from a liquid

67
Q

What do fats/lipids do?

A

Provide an alternate source of energy to carbohydrates, fats also insulate the body from heat loss, protect vital organs, and aid in the transportation of fat-soluble viatmins(A, D, E, and K)

68
Q

Where are fats/lipids derived from?

A

Fats in normal diets are derived from plant and animal foods

69
Q

What are neutral fats also known as, vice versa?

A

Triglycerides

70
Q

Infants who have erupted teeth and are given bottles of milk, fruit juice, or sweet substances for long periods may develop what?

A

Nursing Bottle Syndrome(NBS) or Baby Bottle Tooth Decay(BBTD)

71
Q

Where are proteins found?

A

Found naturally in plants and animals

72
Q

What are proteins essential for?

A

Proteins are essential for the growth and repair of body tissues

73
Q

What are proteins composed of?

A

Combinations of 20 amino acids

74
Q

The quality of a protein is determined by the ______ and ________ in its structure

A

Distribution, Kinds of amino acids

75
Q

How are proteins classified as “complete”?

A

If they have all 10 essential amino acids

76
Q

How are proteins classified as “incomplete”?

A

If they don’t have all 10 essential amino acids

77
Q

Most animal proteins(eggs, milk, meat) are ____ and vegetable/grain proteins are ____

A

Complete, Incomplete

78
Q

Can essential amino acids be produced or synthesized by the body?

A

No

79
Q

Can nonessential amino acids be produced or synthesized by the body?

A

Yes

80
Q

What are the 10 essential amino acids?

A

Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

81
Q

What are the 10 nonessential amino acids?

A

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate, Cysteine, Glutamate, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine

82
Q

What do vitamins do in the body?

A

Don’t provide energy, perform other necessary functions

83
Q

What are the two major groups of vitamins?

A

Water soluble and Fat soluble

84
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins and where are they stored?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K, Stored in fatty cells(liver etc.), not easily carried in the bloodstream

85
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin A and what is the difference?

A

Carotene(plant form) and Retinol(animal form)

86
Q

What is Vitamin A essential for?

A

Healthy skin, maintenance of mucous membranes and gives strength to epithelial tissue, aids continual reshaping of bone, contribution to vision

87
Q

Where does Vitamin D come from?

A

Can be manufactured by the body if exposed to ultraviolet rays

88
Q

What is Vitamin D essential for?

A

Healthy bones and tooth development

89
Q

What is most milk fortified with?

A

Vitamins A and D

90
Q

What is Vitamin E essential for?

A

Related to childbearing and aging, protects nutrients from destruction by oxidation, conditions skin

91
Q

What is Vitamin K essential for?

A

Promotes the formation of prothrombin

92
Q

What is prothrombin responsible for?

A

Blood clotting and coagulation

93
Q

Where is small amounts of Vitamin K stored?

A

The liver

My Packs: HOSA (Dental) (9 decks)

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