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My Packs: HOSA (Dental) > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Landmarks of the anatomy are usually ________ or ____ ______ structures that are easily recognizable

A

Skeletal, soft tissue

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2
Q

What are landmarks used for? (2)

A

Used as reference points in describing the locations of anatomical structure
Or for taking measurements

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3
Q

What are the landmarks of the face? (8)

A 
Ala of the nose
Nasolabial groove
Philtrum
Vermillion border
Vermillion zone
Tubercle of the lip
Labial commissures
Labial-mental groove
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4
Q

Importance of Landmarks of the Face to Dental Assistant:
Dental assistants may notice _____ or _____ around ____, _____, or ____ areas; knowing the normal landmarks of the face, they can use correct ___________ to describe any _________ and record info as ______ _______

A

Scars, sores, nose, mouth, chin, terminology, deviation, health history

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5
Q

What can facial scars sometimes indicate? (3)

A

The person has been in an accident
May have had x-rays taken
Possibly had a surgery

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6
Q

Importance of Landmarks of the Face to Dental Assistant:
He/she may have ________ or had a _____ _____/___
Knowing this info may assist in the details of ______ _______ and _________ ____

A

Seizures, cleft plate/lip, health history, treatment plan

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7
Q

Understanding landmarks of the oral cavity can aid the dental assistant in what? (4)

A

Taking radiographs
Placing topical anaesthetic
Recognizing healthy tissue
Recording info or medical history on patient’s chart

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8
Q

What are the landmarks of the oral cavity? (12)

A 
Vestibule
Vestibule fornix
Labial mucosa
Buccal mucosa
Parotid papilla
Stensen's duct
Linea alba
Fordyce's spots
Alveolar mucosa
Gingiva
Labial frenum
Buccal frenum
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9
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Raised white line that runs parallel to where teeth meet on buccal mucosa

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10
Q

Where is the palate area of oral cavity?

A

On the inside of maxillary teeth, the “roof of the mouth”

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11
Q

What is the palate divided into?

A

Hard and soft sections

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12
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

Bony plate covered with pink to brownish pink keratinized tissue

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13
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Covers muscle tissue, darker-pink or yellowish

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14
Q

What sections of the palate are anterior and posterior?

A

Hard palate: Anterior

Soft palate: Posterior

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15
Q

What does the hard palate include? (3)

A

Incisive papilla
Palatine rugae
Palatine raphe

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16
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A

On the hard palate, raised area of tissue lying behind maxillary central incisions

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17
Q

What does the soft palate and oropharynx include? (5)

A 
Uvula
Anterior tonsillar pillars
Posterior tonsillar pillars
Palative tonsils
Fauces
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18
Q

Importance of Landmarks of Oral cavity to dental assistant:

Dental assistant should be aware that certain _____ cause patient to ____ _____ __ _____

A

Drugs, lose sense of taste

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19
Q

What is the average lifespan of taste buds?

A

10-10 1/2 days

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20
Q

What drug can possibly kill taste buds?

A

Cancer treatment drugs

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21
Q

How long does it take for a patient’s taste to return?

A

Around 10 days

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22
Q

What does the tongue include? (6)

A 
Sulcus terminalis
Circumvallate papilla
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Foliate papilla
Median sulcus on the dorsal or top surface of the tongue
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23
Q

What are papilla?

A

Small, raised projections where taste buds are located, anterior to the sulcus, covering the dorsal side of the tongue

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24
Q

What is the lingual frenum?

A

A line of tissue extending from the tongue to the floor of the mouth, in the middle of the ventral side of the tongue

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25
Q

What does the floor of the mouth include? (3)

A

Sublingual caruncles
Sublingual folds
Sublingual sulcus

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26
Q

What is the sublingual caruncles?

A

Two small, raised folds of tissue where the lingual frenum attaches to the floor of the mouth, one on either side of the frenum

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27
Q

How many major pairs of salivary glands supply the oral cavity with saliva? What are they called?

A

3 major pairs:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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28
Q

What is the function of saliva glands?

A

To secrete saliva to assist in the process of digestion

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29
Q

What is saliva?

A

A clear fluid secreted by the salivary and mucous glands throughout the mouth

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30
Q

What does the viscosity of saliva depend on?

A

Individual’s chemical makeup
Diet
Medications

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31
Q

What does saliva contain? (4)

A

Water
Mucin
Organic salts
Digestive enzyme(ptyalin)

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32
Q

What is the function of saliva? (3)

A

Moisten and lubricate the oral cavity
Moisten food
Aiding in the mastication and swallowing of food

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33
Q

What is mastication?

A

Chewing

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34
Q

Identify:

Viral infection of parotid glands

A

Mumps

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35
Q

What are symptoms of mumps? Who is often affected by mumps?

A

Swelling and tenderness

Children between ages 5 and 15

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36
Q

How many sections is the skull divided into? What are the sections?

A

Two sections

Cranium and face

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37
Q

What is the function of the cranium?

A

Covers and protects the brain

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38
Q

How many bones is the cranium composed of?

A

8

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39
Q

How many bones is the face composed of? Includes what bones?

A

14

Maxilla and the mandible

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40
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Forms the forehead, the main portion of the roof of the eye socket (orbit), and part of the nasal cavity

A

Frontal bone

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41
Q

The frontal bone forms the ________, the main portion of the ____ of the ___ ______, and part of the _____ ______

A

Forehead, roof, eye socket, nasal cavity

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42
Q

What is the eye socket known as?

A

Orbit

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43
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Form most of the roof of the skull and the upper half of the sides

A

Parietal bones

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44
Q

The parietal bones form most of the ____ of the _____ and the _____ ____ of the _____

A

Roof, skull, upper half, sides

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45
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Form the lower sides and the base of the skull

A

Temporal bones

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46
Q

Are the temporal bones located above or below the parietal bones?

A

Below

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47
Q

What are the landmarks of the temporal bones? (4)

A

External auditory meatus
Mastoid process
Glenoid fossa
Styloid process

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48
Q

What are the only paired bones on the skull? (2)

A

Parietal bones

Temporal bones

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49
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Forms the back and base of the skull

A

Occipital bone

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50
Q

The occipital bone forms the ____ and ____ of the _____

A

Back, base, skull

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51
Q

The occipital bone contains what large opening? What passes through this large opening?

A

Foramen magnum

Spinal cord

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52
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Is a wedge-shaped bone that goes across the skull anterior to the temporal bones

A

Sphenoid bone

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53
Q

Describe the sphenoid bone

A

Single continuous bone, shaped like a bat with its wings spread

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54
Q

Bones of the cranium:

Forms part of the nose, orbits, and floor of the cranium

A

Ethmoid bone

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55
Q

The sphenoid bone is a ______-______ bone that goes ______ the _____ ________ to the ________ _____

A

Wedge-shaped, across, skull anterior, temporal bones

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56
Q

The ethmoid bone forms part of the ____, ______, and _____ of the _______

A

Nose, orbits, floor, cranium

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57
Q

List the eight bones of the cranium

A 
Frontal
Parietal 1
Parietal 2
Temporal 1
Temporal 2
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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58
Q

Bones of the face:

Form the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal bones

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59
Q

Nasal bones forms the ______ of the ____

A

Bridge, nose

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60
Q

Bones of the face:

Is a single bone on the inside of the nasal cavity

A

Vomer bone

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61
Q

The vomer bone is a ______ bone on the ______ of the _____ ______

A

Single, inside, nasal cavity

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62
Q

Bones of the face:

Scroll-like bones on the outside of the nasal cavities

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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63
Q

The inferior nasal conchae are a ______-like bones on the _______ of the _____ ________

A

Scroll, outside, nasal cavities

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64
Q

Bones of the face:

Small and very delicate bones

A

Lacrimal bones

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65
Q

Lacrimal bones are _____ and very ________

A

Small, delicate

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66
Q

Bones of the face:

Forms the cheeks

A

Zygomatic bones

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67
Q

The zygomatic bones form the ______

A

Cheeks

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68
Q

Bones of the face:

The largest of the facial bones and is composed of two sections of bone joined at the median suture

A

Maxillae

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69
Q

The maxillae is the largest of the ______ _____ and is composed of ___ sections of bone joined at the ______ ______

A

Facial bones, two, median suture

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70
Q

Bones of the face:

Joined at the midline, often referred to as the median palatine suture

A

Palatine bones

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71
Q

The palatine bones are joined at the _______, often referred to as the ______ ________ ______

A

Midline, median palatine suture

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72
Q

Bones of the face:

The only movable bone of the face

A

Mandible

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73
Q

The mandible is the only _______ bone of the face

A

Movable

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74
Q

Describe the mandible

A

Horseshoe-shaped body that is horizontal, with two vertical extensions called rami

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75
Q

What are the vertical extensions of the mandible called?

A

Rami

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76
Q

Mandible:

On the inside of the body of the _____ is the __________ _______, which is the beginning of the ________ _______ _____

A

Ramus, mandibular foramen, internal oblique ridge

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77
Q

In the centre of the mandible on the external surface is a concave area where two bones of the mandible are fused, what is this space called?

A

Symphysis

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78
Q

The symphysis is in the ______ of the mandible on the ________ _______ is a _______ area where ___ bones of the mandible are _____

A

Centre, external surface, concave, two, fused

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79
Q

What is the tip of the chin called?

A

Mental protuberance

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80
Q

What is the importance of bones of head and face? (2)

A

Understanding landmarks on radiographs

Identifying anatomy whilst assisting during surgical procedure

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81
Q

How many bones is the face comprised of?

A

14

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82
Q

How many bones of the face are single?

A

2

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83
Q

How many pairs of bones are there on the face?

A

6

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84
Q

What are all the bones of the face?

A 
Nasal 1
Nasal 2
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae 1
Inferior nasal conchae 2
Lacrimal 1
Lacrimal 2
Maxillae 1
Maxillae 2
Zygomatic 1
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 1
Palatine 2
Mandible
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85
Q

What does TMJ stand for?

A

Temporomandibular Joint

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86
Q

What is the TMJ named for?

A

The temporal and mandible bones

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87
Q

How many parts is the TMJ composed of? What are the parts?

A

Glenoid fossa
Articular eminence
Condyloid process

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88
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

The union of the two bones - temporal and mandible bones

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89
Q

The glenoid fossa is part of the:

A

Temporal bone

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90
Q

The articular eminence is part of the:

A

Temporal bone

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91
Q

The condyloid process is part of the:

92
Q

Describe the TMJ

A

Condyle of the mandible articulating with the glenoid fossa and the articular eminence of the temporal bone

93
Q

What is between the condyle and temporal bone?

A

Articular disc

94
Q

What is an articular disc also known as?

95
Q

Where does the hinge motion occur?

A

In the lower joint cavity when the mouth opens

96
Q

How does the hinge motion begin?

A

Condyles and discs begin by rotating anteriorly

97
Q

As the motion continues and the mouth opens wider, there’s an ________ _______ ______ as well

A

Anterior gliding motion

98
Q

The anterior gliding motion involves both the _____ and ______ cavities

A

Upper, lower

99
Q

Does gliding continue during protrusion and lateral movements of the mandible during mastication?

100
Q

Each muscle has what 2 things?

A

Origin and insertion

101
Q

What is the fixed point and movable point of a muscle?

A

Origin is the fixed point

Insertion is the movable point

102
Q

What do the muscles of the head and neck include? (7)

A 
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
Muscles of the tongue
Muscles of the soft palate
The pharynx
Muscles of the neck
103
Q

What are the four pairs of muscles of mastication?

A

Temporal, masseter, medial(internal) pterygoids, lateral(external) pterygoids

104
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Temporal muscle

A

Origin: Fan-shaped across the temporal fossa of the temporal bone
Insertion: Inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible and down the anterior border of the remus
Function: Elevates the mandible (closing the jaw), contraction of the posterior fibres retracts the mandible

105
Q

What group of muscles does the temporal muscle belong?

A

Muscles of mastication

106
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Masseter

A

Origin: Two portions; Superficial(strong, tendinous fibres from zygomatic process of maxilla and from the anterior two thirds of the lower border of the zygomatic arch), and deep portion (muscular and smaller from the medial aspect and inferior border of the posterior one-third of the zygomatic arch)
Insertion: Superficial(insert into the angle and lower border of the mandible), Deep(inserts into the upper section of the remus and lateral surface of coronoid process)
Function: Strong elevator of the jaw; Easily seen when the teeth are clenched

107
Q

What group of muscles does the masseter muscle belong to?

A

Muscles of mastication

108
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Medial(internal) pterygoids

A

Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, the lateral portion of the palatine bone, and the maxillary tuberosity
Insertion: Insert into the interior surface of the angle of the mandible (opposite the insertion of the masseter muscle)
Function: Elevates the mandible

109
Q

What group of muscles does the medial (internal) pterygoids belong to?

A

Muscles of mastication

110
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Lateral (external) pterygoids

A

Origin: Superior portion(from the lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone), Inferior portion(from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate)
Insertion: Superior portion(inserts into the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint), Inferior portion(inserts into the neck of the condyle of the mandible)
Function: Opens jaw by depressing the mandible, both lateral pterygoid muscles contract means the jaw protrudes, if only one contracts the mandible shifts laterally

111
Q

What are the major muscles of facial expression? (4)

A

Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Zygomatic major

112
Q

What do muscles of facial expression allow?

A

Wide variety of facial expressions, including smiling and whistling

113
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

114
Q

What is the facial nerve also known as?

A

Seventh cranial nerve

115
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Orbicularis oris

A

Origin: Complex; there is no skeletal attachment, originates from muscle fibres that surround the mouth
Insertion: Inserts into itself and the surrounding skin
Function: Closing the lips or protruding them

116
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Buccinator

A

Origin: Alveolar processes of the maxilla and the mandible and the pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Inserts into the corners of the mouth, becoming part of the muscles that surround the mouth
Function: Compresses the cheeks against the teeth to assist during mastication, assists in blowing air out of the mouth

117
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Mentalis

A

Origin: Incisive fossa of the mandible
Insertion: Inserts into the skin of the chin
Function: Wrinkles the skin of the chin and protrudes the lower lip

118
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Zygomatic major

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Inserts into the corners of the mouth
Function: Lifts the corners of the mouth upward and backward, as in smiling

119
Q

What groups are the muscles of the tongue divided into? (2)

A

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

120
Q

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue (4)

A 
All within the tongue
Responsible for shaping the tongue during:
Speech
Mastication
Swallowing
121
Q

Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue (3)

A

There are 4 extrinsic muscles

They assist in the movement and functioning of the tongue

122
Q

What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

123
Q

What group of muscles do the orbicularis oris belong to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

124
Q

What group of muscles do the buccinator belong to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

125
Q

What group of muscles do the mentalis belong to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

126
Q

What group of muscles do the zygomatic major belong to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

127
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Genioglossus

A

Origin: Genial tubercle in the centre of the lingual of the mandible
Insertion: Fans out to insert in the inferior surface of the tongue and to the hyoid bone
Function: Most of the work of the tongue, protrudes the tongue and retracts of depresses the tongue

128
Q

What groups of muscles do the genioglossus belong to?

A

Muscles of the tongue

129
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Hyoglossus

A

Origin: Hyoid bone
Insertion: Runs vertically to insert in the inferior sides of the tongue
Function: Mainly depresses the tongue

130
Q

What group of muscles do the hyoglossus belong to?

A

Muscles of the tongue

131
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Styloglossus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of the styloid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Part of the styloglossus inserts in the sides of the tongue while the rest of the muscle continues forward to the tip of the tongue
Function: Retracts the tongue and raises the tip of the tongue

132
Q

What group of muscles do the styloglossus belong to?

A

Muscles of the tongue

133
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

A horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue

134
Q

What is the horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue called?

A

The hyoid bone

135
Q

_______ __ ___ ______ and the ______ __ ___ _____ attach to the hyoid bone for support

A

Muscles of the tongue

Floor of the mouth

136
Q

Where are the muscles of the floor of the mouth located?

A

Between the mandible and the hyoid bone

137
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the floor of the mouth?

A

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

138
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Digastric

A

Origin: Two portions (bellies), posterior (originates from the mastoid process of the temporal bone), anterior (begins on the lingual surface of the mandible at the midline)
Insertion: Both insert into the intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone
Function: Together (lift the hyoid bone and assist in opening the mouth), posterior (draws the hyoid bone posteriorly), anterior (pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly)

139
Q

What group of muscles do the digastric belong to?

A

Muscles of the floor of the mouth

140
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Mylohyoid

A

Origin: Composed of left and right halves that join at the midline of the mandible; From the midline each half attaches in a fan shape to the last molar area, thus following the mylohyoid line
Insertion: Inserts into the body of the hyoid bone
Function: Forms the floor of the mouth and assists in depressing the mandible and elevating the tongue

141
Q

What are the two portions of the digastric muscles called?

142
Q

What group of muscles do the mylohyoid belong to?

A

Muscles of the floor of the mouth

143
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Stylohyoid

A

The styloid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Inserts into the body of the hyoid bone
Function: Draws the hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly and stabilizes it

144
Q

What group of muscles do the stylohyoid belong to?

A

Muscles of the floor of the mouth

145
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Geniohyoid

A

Origin: Above the mylohyoid muscle, the geniohyoid originates from the genial tubercle of the mandible
Insertion: Inserts into the anterior portion of the hyoid bone
Function: Pulls the hyoid bone and the tongue anteriorly

146
Q

What group of muscles do the geniohyoid muscles belong to?

A

Muscles of the floor of the mouth

147
Q

What are the two muscles of the soft palate?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

Palatopharyngeal muscle

148
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Palatoglossus

A

Origin: This muscle forms the anterior arch on each side of the throat and arises from the soft palate
Insertion: Inserts along the posterior side of the tongue
Function: Elevates the posterior portion of the tongue and narrows the fauces

149
Q

What group of muscles do the palatoglossus muscles belong to?

A

Muscles of the soft palate

150
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Palatopharyngeal

A

Origin: This muscle forms the posterior arch on each side of the throat and also arises from the soft palate
Insertion: Inserts into the thyroid cartilage and the wall of the pharynx
Function: Constricts the nasopharyngeal passage and elevates the larynx

151
Q

What group of muscles do the palatopharyngeal muscle belong to?

A

Muscles of the soft palate

152
Q

What is the swallowing process known as?

A

Deglutition

153
Q

What are the soft palate muscles innervated by?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

154
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Raise the soft palate during the swallowing process

155
Q

How many neck muscles are there?

156
Q

What are the three neck muscles?

A

Platysma
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

157
Q

How does the knowledge of neck muscles help the dental assistant?

A

Helps to perform chairside functions in positions that are not tiring and will not cause injury

158
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Platysma

A

Origin: Clavicle and the shoulder
Insertion: Inserts into the inferior border of the mandible
Function: This sheet of muscle draws down the mandible as well as the corners of the mouth and the lower lip

159
Q

What group of muscles do the platysma belong to?

A

Muscles of the neck

160
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Trapezius

A

Origin: Protuberance on the occipital bone
Insertion: Inserts into the clavicle and shoulders
Function: This large muscle moves the head backward and laterally

161
Q

What group of muscles do the trapezius belong to?

A

Muscles of the neck

162
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: The top of the sternum and the clavicle
Insertion: Inserts into the mastoid process and the anterior of the occipital bone
Function: One on each side of the neck assists in elevating the chin

163
Q

What group of muscles do the sternocleidomastoid belong to?

A

Muscles of the neck

164
Q

How many cranial nerves innervate the face and oral cavity?

165
Q

What are the four cranial nerves that innervate the face and oral cavity?

A

Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

166
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

The trigeminal nerve

167
Q

What is the most important cranial nerve to dental auxiliaries? Why?

A

Trigeminal nerve

This cranial nerve innervates the maxilla and the mandible

168
Q

How many branches do the trigeminal nerve divide into?

169
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve divide?

A

At the semi-lunar (gasserian) ganglion

170
Q

What are the three branches do the trigeminal nerve divide into?

A

Ophthalmic nerve branch
Maxillary nerve branch
Mandibular nerve branch

171
Q

What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve branch?

A

Sensory nerve

172
Q

What does the maxillary nerve branch innervate? (9)

A 
Nose
Cheeks
Palate
Gingiva
Maxillary teeth
Maxillary sinus
Tonsils
Nasopharynx
Other facial structures
173
Q

How many branches does the maxillary nerve branch divide into?

174
Q

What are the 4 branches that the maxillary nerve branch divide into?

A

Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Posterior superior alveolar
Pterygopalatine

175
Q

How many branches do the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve branch divide into?

176
Q

What are the 3 branches the the zygomatic branch divided into?

A

Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve

177
Q

What nerve is the maxillary nerve branch a part of?

A

Trigeminal nerve

178
Q

Two nerves come from the infraorbital nerve before it exits through the ____________ _______

A

Infraorbital foramen

179
Q

What two nerves come from the infraorbital nerve before it exits?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve

Anterior alveolar nerve

180
Q

The posterior superior alveolar nerves branches ________ from the maxillary nerve

181
Q

What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply? (4)

A

Gingiva
Maxillary sinus
Cheeks
Maxillary molars (with one exception)

182
Q

What is the one exception to the maxillary molars that the posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies?

A

The mesial buccal root of the first molar, which is innervated by the middle superior alveolar nerve

183
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve innervate? (3)

A

Orbicularis oculi
Area around the eye
Area around and behind the zygomatic arch

184
Q

What is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular nerve branch

185
Q

What is the mandibular nerve branch composed of?

A

Sensory and motor neurons

186
Q

What are the three branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Buccal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar

187
Q

How many branches does the mandibular nerve have?

188
Q

Where does the buccal nerve branch pass through?

A

Buccinator muscle to the cheek

189
Q

What does the buccal muscle innervate? (3)

A

Buccal mucosa
Buccal gingiva
Buccal of the mandibular molars

190
Q

Where is the lingual nerve branch?

A

Descends from the mandibular nerve to the underside of the tongue and extends from the posterior to the anterior of the mouth

191
Q

Where is the inferior alveolar nerve branch?

A

Descends from the mandibular nerve and runs parallel to the lingual nerve

192
Q

What is the first branch of the inferior alveolar nerve branch?

A

Mylohyoid nerve branch

193
Q

What does the mylohyoid nerve branch supply?

A

Mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

194
Q

What supplies blood to most of the head and neck?

A

Common carotid

195
Q

As the common carotid ascends up the neck, it divides into the ________ and ________ carotid arteries

A

Internal

External

196
Q

The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the _____ and ____

A

Brain

Eyes

197
Q

The external carotid artery supplies blood to the ____ and ____ ______ and has many ________

A

Face
Oral cavity
Branches

198
Q

Where does the external carotid artery branches go? (5)

A 
Throat
Tongue
Face
Ears
Wall of the cranium
199
Q

Branches are named according to the areas they supply and are nearer the surface (more ___________)

A

Superficial

200
Q

Describe the lingual artery branch

A

About even with the hyoid bone

201
Q

Where does the lingual artery branch supply? (5)

A 
Has branches that supply:
The entire tongue
Floor of the mouth
Lingual gingiva
A portion of the soft palate
Tonsils
202
Q

Describe the facial artery

A

Above the lingual artery, near the angle of the mandible

Branches across the mandible to the corners of the mouth and then upward toward the eye

203
Q

How many branches does the facial artery have?

204
Q

Where does the facial artery supply? (9)

A 
Pharynx muscles
Soft palate
Tonsils
Posterior of the tongue
Submandibular gland
Muscles of the face
Nasal septum
Nose
Eyelids
205
Q

What is the largest of the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

The maxillary artery

206
Q

Describe the maxillary artery

A

Moves anteriorly across the ramus of the mandible, near the condyle, and supplies facial structures

207
Q

How many sections is the maxillary artery split into?

208
Q

What are the three sections of the maxillary artery?

A

Mandibular
Pterygoid
Pterygopalatine

209
Q

Describe the mandibular artery

A

Behind the ramus of the mandible

210
Q

How many arteries does the mandibular artery branch into?

A

Five arteries

211
Q

Where does the pterygoid artery supply blood to? (4)

A

Temporal muscles
Masseter muscles
Pterygoid muscles
Buccinator muscles

212
Q

How many branches does the pterygopalatine artery branch into?

213
Q

What branches does the pterygopalatine artery split into? (5)

A 
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbital artery
Middle superior alveolar artery
Anterior superior alveolar artery
Greater palatine artery
214
Q

Some of the _____ of the face and oral cavity are located with corresponding ________ and have similar names

A

Veins

Arteries

215
Q

What vein drains the facial structures?

A

Facial vein

216
Q

Describe the facial vein

A

Drains the facial structures

Beginning near the eye and descending toward the mandible

217
Q

What is one of the tributaries of the facial vein?

A

Deep facial vein

218
Q

Describe the deep facial vein

A

Connects the facial vein to the pterygoid plexus of veins

219
Q

What is the jugular vein split into?

A

External

Internal

220
Q

Describe the external jugular vein

A

Drains the superficial veins of the face and neck into the subclavian vein

221
Q

Describe the internal jugular vein

A

Receives blood from the cranium, face, and neck, and drains into the brachiocephalic vein, and then into the superior vena cava, which drains into the heart

222
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

223
Q

Where does the superior vena cava drain into?

224
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein receive blood from?

A

Cranium
Face
Neck

225
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein drain into?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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