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Histology final exam > Tooth Histology and Development > Flashcards

Tooth Histology and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium (ectoderm) gives rise to

A

Enamel

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2
Q

Mesenchyme (ectomesenchyme) gives rise to

A

Dentine, pulp, cementum and periodontium

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3
Q

When are first signs of tooth development

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

Stages of tooth germ

A

Bud → cap → bell → late bell → crown

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5
Q

Dentinogenesis stages

A

Cytodifferentiation → matrix formation → mineralization

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6
Q

What is cytodifferentiation

A

Dental papilla cells form odontoblasts

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7
Q

What do odontoblasts produce

A

Collage-rich predentine

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8
Q

What do odontoblasts do

A

Retreat inwards

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9
Q

What do odontoblasts have

A

Long cell processes that form the dental tube

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10
Q

What does predentine do

A

Mineralises to form dentine

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11
Q

What is amelogenesis

A

Inner enamel epithelium forms ameloblasts

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12
Q

What do ameloblasts secrete

A

Enamel protein matrix

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13
Q

Virtually immediate mineralization

A

~ 15 % mineral, 65% water, 20% proteins

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14
Q

Gradual mineralization

A

Further mineralization to ~95 %

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15
Q

Root formation

A

Dentine plus cementum

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16
Q

What are dentine and cementum derived from

A

Ectomesenchyme

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17
Q

What is required to signal root formation

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (hers)

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18
Q

Composition of enamel

A

96% mineral, 1-2% matrix, 2% water

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19
Q

Composition of dentine

A

70% mineral, 20% matrix, 10% water

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20
Q

Composition of cementum

A

65% mineral, 23% matrix, 12% water

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21
Q

Composition of bone

A

60% mineral, 25% matrix, 15% water

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22
Q

What does enamel cover

A

Anatomical crown of teeth

23
Q

Thickness of enamel

A

2 mm

24
Q

Hardness of enamel

A

KHN 360 - 390

25
Q

Hardness of dentine

A

KHN 75

26
Q

Components of dentine

A

~7% mineral and ~20% (collagen)

27
Q

What does cementum do

A

Covers the root of the teeth

28
Q

How to study enamel histologically

A

Vitally, extracted, decalcified and as a ground section

29
Q

Enamel structure

A

Tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals

30
Q

Basic unit of enamel

A

Enamel prism

31
Q

Shape of enamel prisms

A

Complex key-hole shape

32
Q

Prism core

A

Tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals

33
Q

Prism sheath

A

Different crystal orientations less tightly packed to allow space for organic components

34
Q

Gnarled enamel

A

At the cusps, the prisms appear twisted around each other → strength

35
Q

Striae of retzius

A

Incremental growth lines

36
Q

Perikymata

A

Shallow furrow where the striae reach the surface

37
Q

Structure of dentine

A

Highly tubular

38
Q

What may dentinal tubules contain

A

Cell processes, nerves and fluid (flows out)

39
Q

Extent of odontoblast process in dentine

A

Likely extends approximately a third of the way through denting

40
Q

Where does the innervation lie in dentine

A

The inner aspect

41
Q

Where are most neves in dentine found

A

Pre-dentine / inner denting in pulp horns

42
Q

Primary denting

A

Formed during tooth development (up to root completion)

43
Q

Secondary dentine

A

Forms after root completion and slowly throughout life of the tooth

44
Q

Tertiary dentine

A

Response to pulpal insult

45
Q

Reactionary tertiary dentine

A

Slow-forming, uses existing odontoblasts

46
Q

Reparative tertiary dentine

A

Existing odontoblasts destroyed, recruitment of newly differentiated odontoblasts, rapid formation and poor structure

47
Q

Function of tertiary denting

A

Remove pulp from stimulus

48
Q

How do fillings stay in

A

Mechanical undercut, bonded to enamel (utilise structure enamel and acid etch), bonded to dentine (acid demineralisation, infiltrate collagen with resin, penetrate tubules with resin)

49
Q

Types of cementum

A

Acellular and cellular

50
Q

What is cementum resistant to

A

Resorption

51
Q

Gross structure of dental pulp

A

Pulp horns, coronal pulp chamber, radicular pulp, apical foramen, lateral canal and apical delta

52
Q

Layers of dentine (outer to inner)

A

Odontoblast→ cell-free zone of Weil → cell-rich zone → pulp core

53
Q

Pulpal innovation

A

70 - 80 % non-myelinated, plexus of Raschkow, marginal plexus

Histology final exam (7 decks)

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