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BDS1 Oral Biology > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 primary embryonic layers?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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2
Q

Which one of the 3 primary embryonic layers is tooth enamel derived from?

A
  • Ectoderm
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3
Q

Which one of the 4 primary embryonic layers are all the parts of the teeth and supporting structure apart from tooth enamel derived from?

A

Ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

What is the Ectomesenchyme?

A
  • Part of the ‘neural crest’ that develops beside the primitive nervous system
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5
Q

What do teeth develop from?

A

Tooth germs

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6
Q

What is another name for Ectomesenchyme?

A

Neural crest tissue

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7
Q

What is the first stage of tooth development?

A

Initiation

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8
Q

What is the stomodaeum in a 5-6 week human embryo?

A

The space of the mouth

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9
Q

Approximately when does the primary epithelial band develop?

A

Approximately 6 weeks

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10
Q

What does the primary epithelial band appear as?

A

A thickening in epithelium f embryonic mouth (stomodaeum)

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11
Q

Approximately when does the dental lamina develop?

A

Approximately 7 weeks

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12
Q

What 2 parts does the primary epithelial band divide into?

A
  • Vestibular lamina, which will break down to form the buccal sulcus
  • The dental lamina, from which the enamel organ develops
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13
Q

What shape is the dental lamina?

A

A horseshoe shaped structure

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14
Q

What is the second stage in tooth development?

A

Morphogenesis

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15
Q

What does morphogenesis mean?

A

The generation of shape

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16
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘bud’ stage occur?

A

At approximately 8-10 weeks

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17
Q

What is the ‘bud’ stage of dental development?

A
  • Dental lamina thickens into a ‘bud’ stage enamel organ

- An Ectomesenchymeal condensation appears and this is the dental papilla

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18
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘cap’ stage occur?

A

At approximately 11 weeks

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19
Q

What 2 epitheliums are present in the enamel ‘cap stage’?

A
  • External enamel epithelium
  • Internal enamel epithelium
  • EEE and IEE meet at the cervical loop
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20
Q

What is the third stage of tooth development?

A

Cytodifferentiation

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21
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘bell’ stage occur?

A

At approximately 14 weeks

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22
Q

At what stage is the tooth shape starting to be defined?

A

The ‘bell’ stage

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23
Q

What are the 4 cell layers present in the ‘bell’ stage enamel organ?

A
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Internal enamel epithelium
  • External enamel epithelium
  • Stellate reticulum
24
Q

What is the function of stellate reticulum in the ‘bell’ stage enamel organ?

A

Support tissue during the formation of enamel

25
Q

At what time does an extension appear on the lingual side of the dental lamina - this is the dental lamina for the permanent successor?

A

At approximately 12 weeks

26
Q

At what time does the 1st permanent molar germ develop as a backwards extension of the dental lamina?

A

At approximately 16 weeks

27
Q

What is the fourth stage of tooth development?

A

Matrix secretion

28
Q

At what time does matrix secretion occur?

A

Approximately 18 weeks

29
Q

In what stage does the apposition of enamel and dentine begin?

A

The late ‘bell’ stage

30
Q

What do dental papilla cells adjacent to the internal enamel epithelium differentiate into?

A

Odontoblasts

31
Q

What do odontoblasts do?

A

They lay down dentine matrix, which is later mineralised (pre-dentine)

32
Q

What do ameloblasts do?

A

Form enamel

33
Q

What is the process of dentinogenesis?

A
  • Odontoblast differentiation from IEE
  • Deposition of dentin matrix
  • mineralisation of dentine
34
Q

What are the 2 stages of formation of enamel?

A
  1. Protein matrix deposited
    - Matrix is partially mineralised
  2. Once this framework is established, the organic part is removed, and mineralisation is complete
    - The ameloblasts change form and function several times during amelogenesis
35
Q

What happens during the differentiation stage of amelogenesis?

A
  • Dentine induces IEE cells to differentiate into ameloblasts
  • They elongate, become columnar
  • The nucleus migrates to the basal end of the cell
36
Q

What happens during the secretory stage of amelogenesis?

A
  • Ameloblasts become secretory cells
  • They synthesise and secrete the enamel matrix proteins (amelogenins)
  • The matrix is then partially mineralised
37
Q

What happens during the maturation stage of amelogenesis?

A
  • Most of the matrix proteins are removed
  • Mineral content of enamel is increased
  • Mature enamel is 95% mineralised
38
Q

What happens during the protection stage of amelogenesis?

A
  • Ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer - the reduced enamel epithelium
  • Involved in eruption
  • Formation of epithelial attachment
39
Q

What is the 5th stage in tooth development?

A

Root formation

40
Q

What has to be completed before root formation begins?

A

Crown formation

41
Q

Where do the EEE and IEE meet?

A

At the cervical loop

42
Q

What does migration of the cervical loop map out?

A

The crown shape

43
Q

What is the root shape defined by in root formation?

A

By apical growth of the cervical loop, which is now called the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

44
Q

What is the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath?

A
  • The apical growth of the cervical loop

- This is a 2-cell-layered structure, in contrast to the 4-layered enamel organ

45
Q

What does the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath induce?

A

Formation of root dentine

- Once the initial layer of root dentine is formed, Hertwig’s sheath breaks up (no enamel in root)

46
Q

What is ‘debris of Malassez’?

A

Remains of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath which may develop into a cyst

47
Q

What are cementoblasts?

A

Produce cementum

48
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the enamel organ?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Ectoderm
  • Enamel
49
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the dental papilla?

A
  • Ectomesenchyme
  • Neural crest
  • Dentine, pulp
50
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the dental follicle?

A
  • Ectomesenchyme
  • Neural crest
  • Cementum, PDL, alveolar bone (part)
51
Q

What are the possible characteristics of dental development disorders?

A
  • Presence
  • Number
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Structure
  • Eruption
52
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

Lacking teeth and not formed properly

53
Q

What is supernumerary ‘mesio-dens’?

A

Extra tooth in the middle

54
Q

What is germination?

A

2 laterals glued together

55
Q

What is fusion?

A

Central and lateral joined together

56
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Dentine has not been formed properly

BDS1 Oral Biology (11 decks)

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