Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS1 Oral Biology > The Oral Environment 2 > Flashcards

The Oral Environment 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main salivary proteins?

A
  • Amylase
  • Cystatin
  • Gustin
  • Histatin
  • Immunoglobins
  • Lactoferrin
  • Lactoperoxidase
  • Lipase
  • Lysozyme
  • Mucoproteins
  • ‘plasma proteins’
  • Proline-rich proteins
  • Statherins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is amylase activated by and what does it require?

A
  • Activated by Cl-

- Requires Ca++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which salivary gland secretions is amylase present?

A

In most mucosal gland secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of amylase?

A

Defence role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is lysozyme found in salivary secretions?

A

Ubiquitous - found everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is the defence of lysozyme in salivary secretions specific or non-specific?

A

Non-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of lysozyme in salivary secretions?

A

Attacks bonds in bacterial cell walls, causing lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of Lactoperoxidase in saliva?

A

Antibacterial action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of cystatins in salivary secretions?

A
  • Inhibit cysteine proteases, especially in bacteria

- Antimicrobial function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Gustin contain?

A

Zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which salivary protein facilitates taste function by activating taste buds?

A

Gustin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which salivary protein is a potent PDE 5 activator?

A

Gustin

PDE 5 is main target for all drugs that treat erectile dysfunction - side effect can be change of taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which salivary protein is a histidine-rich protein?

A

Histatins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of histatins in saliva?

A

Antimicrobial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 diseases does histatins in saliva inhibit?

A
  • Candida albicans - fungus that is naturally present in mouth, can eventually take control of mouth if out of control
  • Streptococcus mutans - causes caries, has different subtypes and thrives in acidic conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cells do immunoglobins come from in salivary glands?

A

Plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of immunoglobins in saliva?

A

Confers specific immunity against bacteria

18
Q

What is h function of lactoferrin in saliva?

A

Antibacterial

19
Q

Where in the mouth does lipase come from?

A

From von Ebner gland on tongue

20
Q

What is the function of lipase in saliva?

A

Hydrolyses triglycerides which assists digestion

21
Q

What are the functions of mucoproteins in saliva?

A
  • Protective role
  • Lubrication
  • Component of primary pellicle (protein film that forms on the surface enamel)
  • Affects bacterial adhesion
  • Promotes bacterial aggression –> easier clearance from mouth
22
Q

What are the functions of proline-rich proteins in saliva?

A
  • Anti-calculus effect
  • Acts as dissuasion barrier
  • Decreases mineral loss
  • Resists acid attack
  • Allows remineralisation
  • Regulates bacterial attachment
23
Q

What is the functions of Statherins in saliva?

A

Anti-calculus action

24
Q

What are examples of plasma-derived substances?

A
  • Proteins
  • Blood group substances
  • Immunoglobins
  • Hormones
  • Drugs
25
Q

What are (unconditioned) innate responses of control of salivary secretion?

A

Something you are born with

26
Q

What are (conditioned) acquired responses of control of salivary secretion?

A

Learned

27
Q

What is an example of an unconditioned mechanical salivary stimuli?

A
  • Pressure on PLD/oral mucosa
28
Q

What are examples of unconditioned chemical salivary stimuli?

A
  • Gustation - The action of tasting
  • Olfaction - Sense of smell
  • Common chemical sense
29
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Effector on one side of the body has a response on the same side of the body

30
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Effector on one side of the body has a response on the opposite side of the body

31
Q

Where are the gustation receptors on taste buds in the mouth?

A
  • Tongue dorsum
  • Palate
  • Epiglottis
32
Q

What are the different gustation potencies and which ones produce more saliva?

A

Acid > umami = salt > sweet > bitter

33
Q

Where are the olfaction receptors?

A

In olfactory epithelium

34
Q

Is olfaction a weak or strong salivary stimulus in humans?

A

Weak

35
Q

What is the common chemical sense mediated by?

A
  • Nociceptors in mucous membranes

- Contributes to the ‘taste’ of spices

36
Q

What are the learned salivary stimuli responses?

A
  • ‘Psychic’ stimuli (thinking bout food)
  • Visual stimuli (looking at food)
  • Auditory stimuli (associating a certain sound with food)
  • Responses are easily lost if not regularly reinforced
37
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on control of salivation?

A
  • Increases secretion

- Increases blood flow

38
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on control of salivation?

A
  • Increases salivation

- Decreases blood flow

39
Q

Which 2 ions are reabsorbed from the blood in the 2-stage mechanism of salivary secretion?

A

Na+ and Cl-

40
Q

Which 2 ions are secreted from the blood in the 2-stage mechanism of salivary secretion?

A

K+ and HCO3-

41
Q

What is the 2-stage mechanism of salivary secretion - ductal modification?

A
  • Primary saliva modified as it passes through striated ducts
  • Reabsorption of Na+, Cl-
  • Secretion of K+, HCO3-
  • Final saliva is hypotonic to plasma
  • Some proteins secreted by ducts

BDS1 Oral Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions