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BDS1 Oral Biology > The Oral Environment 1 > Flashcards

The Oral Environment 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Give examples of oral fluids?

A
  • Saliva (most important)
  • Gingival crevicular fluid
  • Oral bacteria
  • Food debris
  • Epithelial cells
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2
Q

What are the protective functions of oral fluids?

A
  • Cleansing (removing things from the oral cavity)
  • Mucosal protection
  • Buffering
  • Remineralisation
  • Antimicrobial
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3
Q

What are the digestive functions of oral fluids?

A
  • Taste
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Lubricates bolus for chewing, swallowing
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4
Q

What does reduced flor of saliva cause?

A
  • Various oral health problems
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5
Q

What is Xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth

- A prominent symptom for patients with salivary gland disease

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of lack of saliva/Xerostomia?

A

The use of drugs/medication

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7
Q

What does reduced salivary flow increase the incidence of?

A

Dental caries

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8
Q

Are salivary glands exocrine or endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine glands

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9
Q

What is the compound, tubulo-acinar arrangement of salivary glands?

A

A gland having branching tubules each of which ends in a secretory acini. Acinotubular gland

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10
Q

What are anatomically distinct and identifiable glands?

A
  • Major salivary glands
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11
Q

What are more diffuse collections of glandular tissue lying in the lamina propria?

A
  • Minor salivary glands
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12
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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13
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A
  • Buccal (in cheek)
  • Labial (in lip)
  • Lingual (in tongue)
  • Palatal (in hard and soft palate)
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14
Q

What is an acinus?

A
  • A secretory unit
  • Acinus cells produce saliva - these are taken to intercalated duct which is then taken to striated duct - this modifies the saliva and then the saliva is collected into the collecting ducts
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of ducts in a salivary gland?

A
  • Intercalated
  • Striated
  • Collecting
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16
Q

What is a serous acinus?

A

Secretes watery secretions

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17
Q

What is a mucous acinus?

A

Thicker secretion

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18
Q

What is a mixed acinus?

A

A little bit of both secretions (watery and thicker(mucous))

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19
Q

What type of secretions does the parotid glands secrete?

A

Serous

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20
Q

What type of secretions does the submandibular gland secrete?

A

Mixed

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21
Q

What type of secretions does the sublingual gland secrete?

A

Mucous

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22
Q

What type of secretions does the buccal gland secrete?

A

Mucous

23
Q

What type of secretions does the labial gland produce?

A

Mucous

24
Q

What type of secretions does the lingual gland produce?

A

Serous & mucous

25
Q

What type of secretions does the palatal gland produce?

A

Mucous

26
Q

What is gingival crevicular fluid?

A
  • Fluid from epithelium lining the gingival crevice (sulcus)
27
Q

How much gingival crevicular fluid is present in healthy gingiva?

A
  • Little GCF from healthy gingivae, but flow increases with inflammation
28
Q

What is the function of gingival crevicular fluid?

A

No ‘function’ as such, but is probably an inflammatory exudate

29
Q

When is salivary flow at its greatest?

A

When awake and eating

30
Q

When is salivary flow rate at its lowest?

A

When sleeping

31
Q

What is a persons average daily salivary flow?

A

Between 500ml and 700ml

32
Q

Which salivary gland is most active when sleeping?

A

Submandibular

33
Q

Which salivary gland is most active when person is awake but at rest?

A

submandibular

34
Q

Which salivary gland is most active when person is awake and eating?

A

Parotid

35
Q

Which salivary gland is least active when sleeping?

A

Parotid

36
Q

Which salivary gland is least active when person is awake but at rest?

A

Sublingual and minor glands

37
Q

Which salivary gland is least active when person is awake and eating?

A

Sublingual

38
Q

What are the factors affecting unstimulated salivary flow rate?

A
  • State of hydration
  • Previous stimulation
  • Circadian rhythms
  • Circannual rhythms
  • Medications
  • Salivary gland diseases
39
Q

What are circadian rhythms

A
  • Physical, mental and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle
40
Q

What are circannual rhythms?

A
  • Any biological rhythms involving a biological or physiological process that occurs or fluctuates at intervals of approximately one year
41
Q

What percentage of saliva is water?

A

99.5%

42
Q

What percentage of saliva is ions?

A

0.2%

43
Q

What percentage of saliva is proteins, carbohydrate or lipids?

A

0.3%

44
Q

What are the functions of saliva on food?

A
  • Taste
  • Bolus formation
  • Digestion
45
Q

What are the functions if saliva on teeth?

A
  • Buffer
  • Decreasing demineralisation
  • Remineralisation
  • Lubrication
46
Q

What are the functions of saliva on micro-organisms?

A
  • Antibacterial
  • Antifungal
  • Antiviral
47
Q

What are the functions of fluoride in saliva?

A
  • Antibacterial
  • Forms fluorapatite
  • Promotes remineralisation
48
Q

What is the function of calcium and phosphate in saliva?

A

Remineralisation

49
Q

What is the function of thiocyanide in saliva?

A
  • Antibacterial
50
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate and phosphates in saliva?

A

Buffering

51
Q

Which salivary buffer is effective at high flow rates?

A

Bicarbonate

52
Q

Which salivary buffer is important at rest?

A

Phosphates

53
Q

Which salivary buffer has a limited effect as main buffering action occurs at pH below 5?

A

Proteins

54
Q

Which salivary buffer has some role in buffering plaque acid?

A

Bacterial NH3

BDS1 Oral Biology (11 decks)

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