Tolerance and Autoimmunity - week 10 Flashcards
———: is an immune response against self antigens or antigens associated with the commensal
microbiota
Autoimmunity
The processes & mechanisms that control anti-self immune attack are collectively known as ——- or ——–
tolerance or self-tolerance
Organ-specific autoimmune disease
* affects single organ
1) T1D (Type IV)
2) MS (Type IV)
4) Grave’s Disease (Type II)
5) Goodpasture’s syndrome (Type II)
Systemic autoimmune disease
* multisystem disorder
1) SLE (Type III)
2) Rheumatoid arthritis (Type IV)
patho of Myasthenia Gravis
Antibody inhibit binding of ACh
Target Antigen in Mysathenia Gravis?
Acetylcholine receptor
CM of Myasthenia Gravis
Muscle weakness and paralysis
Myasthenia Gravis is Type —- hypersensitivity
Type II
patho of Goodpasture syndrome
AutoAbds are formed against Type IV collagen –> complement activation and inflammation
Autoantibodies invlolved in Goodpasture’s syndrome?
IgG
Target antigen in Goodpasture syndrome
Type IV collagen in the basement membrane of the kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli
CM of Goodpasture syndrome
nephritis and lung heamorahage
A kidney biopsy from a patient w/ Goodpasture syndrome will show?
Linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the GBM
Goodpasture syndrome is a Type —– hypersensitivity
Type II
Epi od SLE?
F>M
20-40 yrs
SLE is Type —— hypersensitivy
Type III
Target antigen in Graves disease
TSH receptor
(over activation)
Patho of Graves disease
Antibody-mediated stimultion of TSH receptors
CM of Graves disease
Hyperthyroidism than becomes Hypothyroidisn
Graves disease is a Type —- Hypersensitivity
Type II
Type IV hyper causes tissue damage by ?
CD4+ or CD8+ T cells activation
Epi T1D
youth under 14
Specificity of Type 1 diabetes
islet antigens and insulin
CM of T1D?
1) chroninc in inflammation and destruction of β-cells
2) polyuriea
3) polydispia
4) ketoacidosis
T1D is a Type —– hyper.
Type IV
Specificity of Multiple sclerosis
Myelin basic protein
CM of MS
Blurred vision, progressive muscle weakness and paralysis
Mulitiple sclerosis is a type —– hyper.
Type IV
Epi of Rheumatoid arthritis
W> M
40-60 yrs
Specificity of Rheumatoid arthritis
Unknown antigen in joint synovium
CM of Rhemuatoid arthritis
chronic arthritis
Lab findings in Rheumatoid arhtritis
- Rheumatoid factor [+]
- α-CPP antibodies
Rheumatoid Arhtritis is a Type —– hyper
Type IV
T regulatory cells?
*Tregs
CD25, CD4 and FoxP3
Tregs secrete?
IL-10 and TGFβ (anti-inflammatory cytokines)
**
Disruption in the development/Function of Treg cells (CD25,CD4, FoxP3) leads to autoimmune and inflammatory disease such as?
IPEX disease
*X-linked disorder
*Caused by mutations in Foxp3 gene
CM: immune dysregulation (body starts attacking itself)
Treg cells can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes that
recognize a variety of different self antigens as long as the antigens are presented by the same APC. this is known as?
Linked supression
in Central Tolerance
——– of self-reactive T cells and B cells during maturation in ——lymphoid tissues
Clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells and B cells during maturation in 1ry lymphoid tissues
The 3 mechanisms of Peripheral tolerance
1) Clonal anergy
2) Clonal deletion
3) Clonal suppression
In Clonal anergy there is lack of?
Co-stimulatory signal
Clonal deletion fxn?
Fas signaling pathway
Clonal supression is mediated by?
Treg cells
———— :Isolation or compartmentalisation of Ag so that they are not encountered by autoreactive lymphocytes under normal conditions, also locally immunosuppressive microenvironmen
Immunological ignorance
Immune privileged sites in the body?
Eyes, brain, placenta, testes
