TOLD Definitions Flashcards
Takeoff Speed (TOS)
Speed at which main gear lifts off runway
Takeoff Distance (TOD)
Distance from brake release to main gear liftoff
SETOS (Single-Engine Takeoff Speed)
Speed at which the aircraft is able to climb, once clear of ground effect, at a minimum of 100 fpm with gear down, flaps 60%
Critical engine failure speed (CEFS)
Speed at which aircraft accelerates with both engines experiences an engine failure and permits either acceleration to SETOS and T/O (approximately 700’ from start of rotation at SETOS) or decelerate to a stop in the same distance
Critical field length (CFL)
Total runway length required to accelerate with both engines operational to CEFS, experience an engine failure, and accelerate to SETOS and T/O (approximately 700’ from start of rotation at SETOS) or decelerate to a stop in the same distance.
Normal Acceleration Check Speed (NACS)
Speed an average T-38 should reach at a specified check distance
Minimum Acceleration Check Speed (MACS)
Minimum acceptable speed at check distance with which T/O should be continued
Refusal Speed
The max speed to which the aircraft is able to accelerate with both engines operating in MAX and either abort with BEO (both engines operating) or abort with EF (engine failure)
Decision speed
Minimum speed at which the aircraft is able to experience instantaneous engine failure and still accelerate to SETOS and T/O (approximately 700’ from start of rotation at SETOS) in the remaining runway
Landing distance
Ground roll distance after touchdown
TORA (takeoff run available)
Length of runway available and suitable for T/O ground run
TODA (takeoff distance available)
Length of runway available and suitable for T/O ground run plus clearway length
ASDA (accelerate-stop distance available)
Runway plus stopway length available and suitable for acceleration and deceleration of an aborting aircraft
LDA (landing distance available)
Runway available and suitable for ground run of aircraft landing
Rotation speed
The speed at which aft stick is initiated
50’ Obstacle Speed
A 7.5 degree pitch attitude is held through an altitude of 50’
What are the assumptions about CFL?
“SA”
S-SETOS is what it’s valid up to
A-Assumes no aerobraking
What are the assumptions about RS?
3 WANA DAB?
3-3 sec delay to recognize and react and pull throttles to Idle
W-wheel braking not used with aerobraking
A-Accel continues in MAX on both engines Idle (BEO) or one engine Idle, other windmilling (EF)
N-Nose settles to rwy at 120 knots
A-Attitude is 7.5 deg until 120 knots if abort with nose in TO attitude
D-desired braking in 2 sec if jet is in 3 pt attitude and a/s<130 and brakes gradually applied
A-Assumes no aerobrake
B-braking is cautious 100-130, optimum below 100
What are the assumptions about SETOS?
RAM D Roc
Rotation initiated at SETOS for SE takeoff
Accelerate in 3 pt attitude, rotate NET SETOS
Minimum SETOS is 2-engine TOS
Delaying rotation improves performance (consider rwy length and tire limits)
Roc: (best rate of climb) 200 knots, gr down, 60% flaps
220 knots, gr down, flaps up
What are the assumptions about DS?
3ARA 3 sec delay to react Acceleration continues in MAX on one engine, other windmilling Rotation speed reached, jet begins rotation to t/o attitude Attitude is 3 pt and aircraft accel to SETOS with neutral stick at end of 3 sec reaction time
What are the assumptions about MACS?
AC
Allows variation in throttle setting, engine trim, pilot technique
Compute by subtracting 3 knots from NACS per 1000’ rwy length excess of CFL
What are the assumptions about NACS?
NC
Normal acceleration
Check distance speed must be less than go/no go speed; if not, recompute check distance
