To what extent were the Nazis genuinely popular 1933-35? Flashcards
What 5 factors?
1) workers
2) Women
3) upper/middle classes
4) Youth
5) Racial and religious minorities
Which laws were a major public works scheme reminiscent of the new deal?
June employment laws
What labour scheme followed the June employment laws?
RAD
What did the RAD do?
made 6 month’s labour service compulsory for all men and in 1939 this was extended to women
What two things did the Nazis construct which gave many jobs?
Autobahn and Hospitals
By 1934, Weimar unemployment levels of what had halved?
6 million
What was the nazi union called?
DAF
Who led the DAF?
Robert Ley
What bit of the DAF was set up in November 1933?
KDF
Give some examples of the some of the thing that the KDF gave workers?
hikes, holidays, sports, cinema and theatre trips
What shows that the intention of the KDF was to be completely popular?
Robert Ley described this as “the quickest way of bring national socialism” to the workers.
What Nazi goal put great emphasis on the role of the German peasant farmer?
The Nazi’s goal was to create a self-sufficient Autarky, which out great value on the image of the German farmer
What welfare organisation was set up and when was this?
May 1933 NSV, the National Socialist Welfare Organisation
By which dates did the Nazis claim full employment and what is the limitation of this?
1935 does not include key sections of German society such as Jews
When were trade union offices raided?
2nd May 1933
Though the DAF did give some workers benefits that they previously would not have had, what did it remove the ability to do?
Strike
What happened to Nazi workers’ wages?
stagnated
What support suggests that the Nazis were popular with female workers?
Their support during the 1933 election
How were women revered under Nazi gemrnay?
As the breeders of racially pure children
Which women would have received the Nazis well and with which group would they have been unpopular?
Traditional women liked the Nazis but urban ones not so much
What was the Nazi slogan for how a woman’s life should be?
Kinder Kirche Küche
What was awarded for having more children?
Mütterkreuz
What are the different levels of the Mütterkreuz?
Gold for 8 children silver for 6 children and bronze for four children
What organisation aimed to provided education about domestic work and child-rearing and when was it established?
The Deutsche Frauenwerk (DFW) was formed in September 1933
What did the 1933 marriage loan scheme do?
Gave a 600RM loan (about three month’s wages) to a woman if they were unemployed and going to get married
What fact shows the success and popularity of the 1933 marriage loan scheme?
the number of marriages rose from 516 000 in 1932 to 740 000 in 1934
As a part of their vision of women fulfilling a traditional role, from what were they barred?
government employment as well as practicing law or medicine
What is the fact about women and university?
Only 10% of university places could be reserved for women, previously the number attending was closer to 20%
What were women discouraged from doing by police because it was seen as ‘un-German’?
wearing make up and smoking in public
What did the Nazis relax for women, suggesting that heir goal may well have been popularity?
the rules of wearing make up and smoking in public
What was the dark underside of the revered status of women as the creators of an aryan future?
350 000 people were sterilised during the Nazi period
What law banned marriage to Jews, Black People and Gypsies?
october 1935 blood protection law
The Reichstag fire of which date allowed how many communists to be arrested and sent where?
27th February 1933 30 000 Dachau
What became basic law of the 3rd Reich and was used to repress KPD?
Decree for protection of Nation and State 28th February (Reichstag fire decrees)
The ‘March converts’ were less radical and diluted the radical elements of the party. What is the fact that shows their increase?
Nazi membership increased by 3 million between 1933 and 1935
What fact about graduate unemployment shows the extent to which the German population put faith in the Nazi government to make changes?
In 1933 there was 60% graduate unemployment in Berlin
What two things helped the German economy to do very well?
The help of Schact and Hitler’s concessions to big business
The Nazis gave rights to the skilled workers over the working classes. These included:
white collar workers needed six weeks’ notice to be sacked whereas the working classes needed only a week’s notice to be sacked. They also enjoyed a better pension and insurance scheme than did the workers.
The Mittelstand lower middle artisan classes supported Hitler throughout the 1920s, meaning what in the 1930s?
That this support was not forgotten and they were very well looked after by Hitler during the 1930s
What shows the extent to which Artisan businesses prospered under Hitler?
From 1931-36 the number of artisan businesses rose by 20%
What were the artisans protected by in 1935?
Master’s Examination which ensured that any new artisans had to be fully qualified and so a high level of craft was maintained
What rule protected artisans from chainstores?
Department stores and chain stores were barred from expanding and were unable to offer services such as shoe repairing, baking, barbering or food catering, all services which could be offered by the Mittelstand.
When was the meeting with industrialists, how many attended and what was he offered in return for his support of them?
20th February with 20 industrialists, Hitler was promised 3 million Reichsmarks in return for a positive treatment of industrialists
What was troubling about the Nazi party to many members of their educated supporters?
the violence, thuggishness and police state that was a key part of them
Thanks to the concern of the educated classes about the violence of the Nazi party, what did Hitler have to do?
Hitler was therefore forced to make the Nazis law abiding and respectable through events such as the Night of the Long Knives
What happened to the Prussian police that could increase the middle classes’ fears of a violent police state?
The Prussian police were reinforced with over 50 000 SA SS and Stalhelm members
Why might the Nazi curriculum be considered popular?
It was adapted to Nazi ideas however this meant a great emphasis was but on physical education. 15% of school time was given to education
What is the fact about the growth of the HJ?
By 1934, 3.5 million were members of the Hitler Youth, 46.5% of the population, a growth of 3.3 million since 1932.
What was the German youth organisation for boys?
HJ
What was the German youth organisation for girls?
BDM
What did the HJ create for Hitler?
The prefect microcosm of his vision of German society
By 1935, how many million were competing at National Sporting events for young people?
3.4 million competing in National Sporting events in 1935
Which segment of the youth arguably were most supportive of the party’s youth movements?
The working classes as it gave them experiences that they would not otherwise have been able to have
What are the three groups to talk about when discussing the Nazi’s impact on racial minorities, political minorities and religious minorities?
Political opponents - mainly communists
Jews
Catholics
Of these minority groups, who may view the Nazis as popular?
Catholics
When was the 1 day boycott of all jewish shops?
1st April 1933
What did the 1933 law for the restoration of the civil service do?
removed 5% of the ‘alien’ elements of the Civil Service
Why was the 1933 law for the respiration of the civil service limited?
Hindenburg stopped Hitler from targeting any Jews who had, or had families who had, fought in WW1.
When were the Nuremberg laws passed?
15th september 1935
What did the Nuremberg make it illegal for a German and a jew to be?
Married or in a relationship
What did Jews lose under the 15th September 1935 Nuremberg laws?
citizenship as well as rights to certain kinds of employment
Hitler’s speech the ‘Appeal to the German People’, was on which date and what did it do?
January 31st 1933 (early) which blamed the problems within Germany on the Communists and set the tone for government policy.
In which elections did the Nazis run on the slogan “The Battle Against Marxism” and how many votes did they win in this election?
5th March 1933 44% of the vote
In April, what happened to the political opposition in Prussia?
25 000 were indefinitely arrested
when was Dachau opened?
25th March 1933
What was Dachau the first?
Concentration camp
What was the purpose of Dachau?
Purely for housing political prisoners
How many communists sent to Dachau?
30 000
When was the Kopenick blood week?
21-26 june 1933
What happened to political opponents during the Kopenick blood week?
500 SPD and Political Opponents were arrested and tortured by the Gestapo, with at least 23 subsequently killed.
when was the Concordat between church and state?
20th July 1933
What was the Concordat between the vatican and Berlin?
church would be banned form political activity, the Government would protect religious freedom and the church’s spiritual power
