The consequences of Hitler’s leadership style was that he was a dictator who did not dictate’ How far do you agree with this statement?

Question 1

Who was the Justice Minister?

Answer 1

Gütner

Question 2

What was interesting about Gütner?

Answer 2

Not a nazi, still the Weimar head of the judiciary

Question 3

Despite the fact that Gütner was not a Nazi, he was not replaced until when?

Answer 3

1941

Question 4

What were set up in parallel to the judiciary for political cases?

Answer 4

‘People’s Courts’

Question 5

How many cases were tried by the People’s Courts?

Answer 5

16 000

Question 6

What was the name of the retreat where Hitler spent most of his time?

Answer 6

“Berghof”

Question 7

Who led the Reich Chancellery?

Answer 7

Hans Henrich Lamers

Question 8

What did the Reich Chancellery provide?

Answer 8

A direct link between Hitler and the other organisations of government

Question 9

What happened to old ministries?

Answer 9

They were kept but Nazi rivals were introduced

Question 10

The foreign office also its position to what NAzi organisation?

Answer 10

Ribbentrop Bureau

Question 11

What was the name of the old foreign minister and with whom was he replaced?

Answer 11

Neurath and Replaced with Ribbentrop

Question 12

Hitler’s obsession with what mean that fear and uncertainty pervaded the Nazi state?

Answer 12

social Dawinism

Question 13

How many time did the cabinet meet in 1933 compared with 1935?

Answer 13

72 time in 1933 but only 12 times in 1935

Question 14

When was the enabling act?

Answer 14

March 23rd 1933

Question 15

How should this question be approached?

Answer 15

Agree/disagree and Michael Burleigh

Question 16

What are the different aspects of the ‘agree’, Hitler was a dictator who did not dictate side?

Answer 16

1) System of government
2) Approach to government
3) Propaganda
4) Nuremberg laws

Question 17

What are the different aspects of the ‘disagree’, Hitler was a strong dictator side?

Answer 17

1) Hitler’s vision
2) System of government
3) Popularity

Question 18

How did policy work for ministers the suggests that Hitler was a weak dictator?

Answer 18

it was up to ministers to draft legislation and co-ordinate it, after which it was presented to Hitler who would either sign or reject it

Question 19

Though you could say that the approach to policy meant that Hitler’s leadership style was weak, what did it allow him to do?

Answer 19

Focus on the policy areas that really mattered to him such as re-armament and the treaty of Versailles.

Question 20

How did Hitler feel about Berlin and how did this influence his behaviour?

Answer 20

he disliked Berlin and spent much of his time at “Berghof” in Bavarian Alps

Question 21

How was Hitler’s behaviour at the Bavarian retreat of Berghof?

Answer 21

working through the nights but sleeping late in the day, with afternoon walks and a dislike of paperwork

Question 22

How did Hitler hold meetings at the Berghof and does this suggest that he is a strong or a weak dictator?

Answer 22

Held meetings by walking through the garden. Suggests that Hitler was not truly involved in legislation, not scrutinising but letting others have reign over legislation. Weak dictator

Question 23

Complete the sentence: The fact that so much decision making power was left to his ministers demonstrates that..

Answer 23

…whilst his title was one of ‘dictator’, his practice was far from it

Question 24

How was the legal system chaotic?

Answer 24

Justice Minister Gütner was not a Nazi and was not replaced until 1941

Question 25

What were the Nazi parallels to the criminal courts and what were they used for?

Answer 25

‘People’s Courts’ were set up in parallel with the criminal to try political cases

Question 26

How many cases did the ‘people’s courts’ try?

Answer 26

16 000

Question 27

Complete the sentence: many of Hitler’s measures were responses to the

Answer 27

Pressure of external events rather than following a particular plan

Question 28

What two events show Hitler reacting to external pressures?

Answer 28

1) Night of the long Nuremberg Laws

Question 29

What was the Night of the long knives a response to?

Answer 29

Growing middle class, business and senior Army pressure to remove the truly violent elements of the party

Question 30

What was Hitler’s assumption in regard to Social Darwinism, how did this meant that his own power was reduced and in what way could this also be considered to be the moves of a strong dictator?

Answer 30

Hitler’s obsession with Social Darwinism meant that he supposed that the strongest people who had survived the battle would serve him entirely loyally. This meant that enormous amounts of power, independence and influence was given to senior figures such as Himmler and Göring that effectively diluted Hitler’s own power.
It could however be argued that this was just extremely effective delegation

Question 31

What was the chaos and Social Darwinism regarding the economy of the Nazis?

Answer 31

Schact became economics minister in 1834, but Göring was also made plenepentary of the four year plan in 1936

Question 32

Of the first Cabinet, how may were Nazis?

Answer 32

three

Question 33

Who controlled all channels of communication with Hitler apart from those of Hitler’s most inner circle?

Answer 33

Secretary/Head of Reich Chancellory Lammers

Question 34

What does the Historian Rosenthal say about Hitler?

Answer 34

“Without Göbbels there was no Hitler”

Question 35

What does the quote “Without Göbbels there was no Hitler” suggest?

Answer 35

That the Hitler myth was correct, he was no more than a construct

Question 36

The facade of Hitler as a strong dictator was largely constructed by who?

Answer 36

Ministry for Propaganda under Joseph Göbbels

Question 37

When was the Ministry for Propaganda set up?

Answer 37

March 1933

Question 38

How does the 1935 Nuremberg laws show Hitler as a weak dictator?

Answer 38

it was changed because of pressure from regional Gauleiter Nazis

Question 39

How was the Nuremberg law changed due to pressure form the Gauleiters?

Answer 39

The Nuremberg speech was changed overnight from one on foreign policy to anti-Jewish due to regional pressure from Gauleiters, keen to remind Hitler of his earlier promises.

Question 40

What is the German word that sums up Hitler’s dominance?

Answer 40

Fuhrerprinzip

Question 41

What was Fuhrerprinzip?

Answer 41

Where all authority at all levels remained with Hitler at all levels and those loyal to Hitler’s views and ideas.

Question 42

What was Fuhrerprinzip startet?

Answer 42

Bamburg meeting in 1926 in order to give Hitler control over his own party

Question 43

What demonstrates the extent to which Fuhrerprinzip was effective at controlling the party?

Answer 43

No challenges to him, those who threatened him such as Röhm were challenged and removed

Question 44

After the Enabling Act of March 1933, how did laws become recognised and does this show Hitler to be a strong or weak dictator?

Answer 44

Simply published in the Volkisherbeobachter. This shows a strong dictator because the Reichstag did not have to be consulted.

Question 45

What did Hitler provide that meant that even when he was not directly dictating, he was still a strong dictator?

Answer 45

He provided the dream, vision and direction for the party and power was still very loyal to him

Question 46

What phrase emerged that suggests that Hitler was strong even when he was not directly dictating?

Answer 46

Working towards the Fürhrer

Question 47

What meant that Hitler’s underlings would not have to imagine what the Führer would want in any situation?

Answer 47

Due to his speeches, propaganda and Mein Kampf

Question 48

What suggests that Hitler’s intention was to create a government that was fully behind him?

Answer 48

Ministries, run by conservative civil servants, became rivalled by Nazi offices that wholeheartedly supported Hitler.

Question 49

What is an example of Ministries, being run by conservative civil servants, becoming rivalled by Nazi offices that wholeheartedly supported Hitler?

Answer 49

The Foreign office lost its position to the Ribbentrop Bureau. Neurath was replaced by von Ribbentrop.

Question 50

What ensured that government legislation was co-ordinated to please Hitler?

Answer 50

Reich chancellery led by Hans Henrich Lamers

Question 51

What did Social Darwinism lead to in the Nazi state?

Answer 51

Fear and uncertainty that meant that Hitler could very easily divide and rule

Question 52

Compare the frequency of German Cabinet meetings in 1933 and 1935 and does this suggest a strong or weak dictator?

Answer 52

German Cabinet met 72 time in 1933 but only 12 times in 1935, which suggests that he was pursuing an increasingly dictatorial style, however perhaps gave more autonomy to minsters

Question 53

The extent to which he appeared relaxed at the Berghof could even be indicative of what?

Answer 53

The confidence that he had in his own position as the Fürhrer and the self-assurance in his absolute power

Question 54

What organisation ensured that the patty was always unified behind Hitler and who headed it?

Answer 54

SD was managed by Himmler

Question 55

What event suggests a formulated, structured plan to centralise power around Hitler?

Answer 55

Gleichschaltung

Question 56

When was the Enabling Act and what did it do?

Answer 56

Enabling act 23rd March 1933 gives Hitler the powers of a dictator.

Question 57

How many members of the SA were executed during the night of the long knives and how many other opponents were?

Answer 57

200 SA members, 100 other opponents

Question 58

Hitler and the Nazis were what in the public eye?

Answer 58

Synonymous

Question 59

How many seats did the Nazis win int he March 1933 election and, given that the public viewed the Nazis and Hitler to be synonymous, what did this mean for Hitler?

Answer 59

288 seats ensured that the Nazis were the largest party and gave Hitler a tremendous personal mandate to implement his own wishes

Question 60

What does Michael Burleigh argue?

Answer 60

Hitler was a strong Dictator in issues about which he really cared, but was a weaker dictator in issues that did not interest him so greatly.

Question 61

What information about the Agricultural Minister supports Burleigh’s idea when compared to someone such as Himmler?

Answer 61

Agricultural Minister Walter Darre met Hitler just twice in 13 years as Agricultural Minister whereas Himmler met with Hitler almost everyday as Minister responsible for the Final Solution, SS, all areas in which Hitler placed great importance.

Question 62

Complete the sentence: Even at the times where it is accurate to say that he did not directly dictate, it is still true to say that it was..

Answer 62

..to his vision that people were working, complete dictating was not necessary due to the extent to which propaganda, Mein Kampf and his speeches defined the political agenda.

Question 63

When could Hitler be a strong dictator?

Answer 63

When the occasion demanded

Question 64

The areas that Hitler was chaotic and weak in were what?

Answer 64

Neglected and of lesser importance as the german state advanced into a wartime economy

Question 65

“Fuhrerprinzip” where all authority remained with Hitler, at all levels and those loyal to Hitler’s views and ideas. When how and why was this started?

Answer 65

This was started at the Bamberg Meeting in 1926 in order to assert his authority over other party members and continued into the Nazi Government.