Revolution in Germany

Question 1

In the December 1915 war credit vote, how many embers rebelled against the party?

Answer 1

20

Question 2

Who resigned from the SPD and why?

Answer 2

Hasse, he changed his position on the war to being against it. He felt that he could no longer lead a party whose majority supported the war.

Question 3

When Hasse resigned, who replaced him?

Answer 3

Ebert

Question 4

When were there mass strikes in Berlin inspired by events in russia?

Answer 4

April 1917

Question 5

How did the split within the SPD manifest itself?

Answer 5

The formation of a new party, the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)

Question 6

Who was the first leader of the USPD?

Answer 6

Hasse

Question 7

With whom were the USPD loosely affiliated?

Answer 7

Spartacus League and the revolutionary Shop Stewards

Question 8

Who led the Spartacus League

Answer 8

Wilhelm Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

Question 9

Between which two dates had Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg been imprisoned for agitating against Germany’s involvement with the war?

Answer 9

1916-1918

Question 10

Who were the revolutionary shop stewards?

Answer 10

A working class political group who helped to initiative and support the strikes taking place in Berlin

Question 11

What did the USPD become with the affiliation of the Spartacus League an the revolutionary shop stewards?

Answer 11

a kind of umbrella group for all of the left wing groups who had lost faith in the SPD and perhaps wanted a revolution

Question 12

How many members did the USPD have by when?

Answer 12

By January 1918 the USPD had around 120 000 members

Question 13

When were there strikes of around 1 million?

Answer 13

January 1918

Question 14

What was the treaty signed between germany and Russia that ended the eastern frontier of the war and when was this?

Answer 14

the treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3rd March 1918

Question 15

what was he final straw that forced Ludendorff to accept that the war and been lost?

Answer 15

Bulgaria pulled out of the war

Question 16

What happened at the Spa Conference and when was this?

Answer 16

Ludendorff informed the kaiser that the war was lost and that political changes had to be made if the old regime was to survive

Question 17

When was Max of Baden appointed as Chancellor?

Answer 17

3rd October 1918

Question 18

What were the three reasons for Ludendorff’s insistence that the Chancellor made his government from members of the SPD, the Centre Party and the progressives?

Answer 18

1) He was worried about revolution and thought that moderate political reformers may be sufficient to appease the German people
2) US president Woodrow Wilson instead that peace between nations had to be based on democratic values. Wilson made it clear that he would only represent with people’s representatives, not military leaders
3) Ludendorff understood that by forcing the political parties to negotiate the difficult surrender, he could pass the blame fro defeat onto the german politicians

Question 19

When did germany become a constitutional monarchy?

Answer 19

When Prince Max’s reforms were passed on 28th october 1918

Question 20

How did ebert view these reforms?

Answer 20

Substantial, no need to go any further than them

Question 21

What sparked the revolution from below, whereas previously there had beene a revolution from above?

Answer 21

Kiel Naval mutiny

Question 22

What was the Kiel naval mutiny in response to?

Answer 22

The demands of the naval leadership or one final battle against the british to regain their honour. The sailers, however, were facing poor conditions and were unwilling to give up their lives for the cause so rebelled

Question 23

When did who seize power in Bavaria and what did he declare?

Answer 23

Krut Eisner declared an independent republic in Bavaria

Question 24

What did Prince Max and Bert believe after Eisner declared his republic?

Answer 24

That the only way to stop a full blown revolution was to give into the demands of the protestors and force the abdication of the kaiser

Question 25

When was the mass strike in Berlin?

Answer 25

9th November

Question 26

How did the Kaiser react to the events of the 9th november

Answer 26

he rejected them, but when the German military leader Groener announced that the army was no longer loyal to the Kaiser, which Hindenburg confirmed, Wilhelm was forced to accept and left for exile in holland

Question 27

What government was formed on the 11th Novemebr 1918?

Answer 27

SPD/USPD coalition

Question 28

How was the absence of a new kaiser confirmed?

Answer 28

Sceidemann went out on to the balcony of the Reichstag and, despite Ebert’s wishes, declared Republic in order to appease the sparticisits