To what extent was the NHS a ‘complete success’ in the years 1948-1979?

Question 1

P1:
P2:
P3:

Answer 1

1. YES- Impact on access to, and quality of, provision
2. YES- Expansion of treatments available
3. NO-Failure: unsustainable cost and inequality

Question 2

P1 EVIDENCE

Answer 2

1. established a comprehensive national system of healthcare= increase access and quality
2. established on the principle of ‘universality’ (i.e. equal access to all)
3. to a general increase in the health of the nation and better education around healthy lifestyles.

Question 3

How were hospitals and doctors surgeries funded?

what did this show

Answer 3

centrally funded

co- ordinated by gov

Government commitment to take responsibility for the provision of healthcare.

Question 4

In total how many state run hospitals were built with 550,000 and 360,000 staff?

Answer 4

3100

swept away the out-dated and patchwork provision of local authority hospitals and replaced it with a modern, purpose-built network of hospitals.

Question 5

access to healthcare was what till the point of use

Answer 5

free at the point of use’

=previously unaffordable treatments within the grasp of the entire population.

Question 6

how did Cases of serious infectious diseases fall?

Answer 6

fell rapidly from 1948 to 1979

cases of tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, and the measles all fell rapidly within the first few years of the NHS.

Question 7

what led to fall in cases of polio and diphtheria?

Answer 7

programme of mass immunization

Question 8

how did cases of whooping cough fall?

Answer 8

fell by 90% by 1970

Question 9

when was syphilis was almost completely eradicated?

Answer 9

1979

Question 10

what led to the general increase in the health of the nation ?

Answer 10

increased access to healthcare (including free appointments with GPs)

Question 11

how did the life expectancy for men and women change?

Answer 11

66 to 70 for men, and from 71 to 75 for women.

Question 12

P2 evidence:

Answer 12

1. Increased government spending on the NHS=free at point of use’ access to previously unaffordable
2. .increased spending on research and development= number of available drugs
3. Increased investment = development of new treatments

Question 13

increased gov spending led to the rapid expansion of what?

Answer 13

treatments available

Question 14

what did the increase in the number of available drugs become known as?

Answer 14

pharmacological revolution’.

Question 15

in 1948 what was the only vaccine availiable?

Answer 15

smallpox vaccine

Question 16

by 1979 what other vaccines were availiable?

Answer 16

diphtheria, TB, whooping cough, and tetanus were available

Question 17

in 1948 and 1979 how many antibiotics were availiable?

Answer 17

1

33

Question 18

what did the developments in drugs provide for people?

Answer 18

relief from previously untreatable illnesses

Question 19

how did the number of prescriptions change from June to September 1948?

Answer 19

6.8m to 13.6m from June to September of 1948

Question 20

what did increased investment lead to ?

Answer 20

new treatments and, previously unimaginable, procedures.

increase in major (and life-changing) operations

Question 21

how many hip replacements did the NHS provide and when was this possible?

Answer 21

24,000

not possible till 1960

Question 22

what did gov investment in research in the 60’s lead too?

Answer 22

development of kidney dialysis, catheters, and organ transplants

Question 23

P3 evidence

Answer 23

1. Aging population = higher demand = sprling costs= unsustainable
2. Regional and funding inequality

Question 24

in what year where the NHS spending 250% more on drugs than 1950 and why

Answer 24

1964

increase demand and rising costs of drugs

Question 25

the NHS needed a vast expansion in what to deal with new treatments

Answer 25

number of technical staff to deliver the new treatments

Question 26

by 1979 how did the number of consultants and nurses rise by

Answer 26

rose by 66% by 1979

Question 27

how did the total number of staff rise from 1951 to 1979

Answer 27

400,000 in 1951 to over 1 million by 1979

Question 28

how did the costs of NHS change from 1960 to 75?

Answer 28

rose by 4.5%

Question 29

NHS strongly criticise for not tackling what…

Answer 29

regional inequality, despite the commitment to universality and equality of access:

Question 30

which areas benefitted from (on average) 24% more spending than working class areas?

Answer 30

Middle class

Question 31

how were the annual budgets of the working class and middle class different?

Answer 31

£4.98 per head, compared to £3.19 in working class areas.

Question 32

in wc areas what % of GP surgeries had been built before 1900?

mc?

Answer 32

80%

only 50%

Question 33

the inequality between the wc and mc was reflected in what

Answer 33

life expectancy

working class men were twice as likely to die before reaching 65 years old in 1979 than middle class men.

Question 34

what report showe

d there was an inequality of funding: ?

Answer 34

Merrison Report (1979)

Question 35

what did the Merrison Report show?

Answer 35

70% of total funding went towards hospitals while GP surgeries and preventative programmes received much less.